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33. Which study features are necessary to demonstrate causality? MULTIPLE RESPONSE ITEM

  a.

There must be a statistically significant association between the independent and dependent variables

 

  b.

The cause must occur prior to the effect

 

  c.

Use of within subjects research population

 

  d.

A heterogeneous study population

 

  e.

No confounding variables that could explain the effect

 

34. Which study uses a cross-sectional design?

  a.

Johnson tested the effectiveness of a supplemental nutrition program given to infants through age 4 by comparing the body mass index between participant versus non-participant groups annually from ages 6-12.

 

  b.

Hodgkin collected data from the medical records of adults who had survived bladder cancer and correlated this with their past history of tobacco use, urinary tract infections and exposure to pesticides.

 

  c.

Miller compared the nutritional status of breast fed versus bottle fed infants by assessing albumin levels at three months of age

 

  d.

Freeman interviewed women whose daughters had children before the age of 17 at the grandchild’s birth, six months, and 12 months to explore the grandmothers’ perspective of familial role transitions.

 

35.A nurse researcher wants to test if participation in gaming activities are related to cognitive decline in elderly people living in assisted living facilities. The researcher plans to review the resident activity logs for the previous six months for participation in gaming activities and correlate the findings with the residents’ cognitive abilities. Which data collection plan will best help the researcher answer this question?

  a.

Random

 

  b.

Prospective

 

  c.

Retrospective

 

  d.

Cross-sectional

 

36.The nurse researcher randomly drops by the study site to evaluate that the research assistants are implementing the study’s independent variable exactly as it was designed. The researcher does this to control which study characteristic?

  a.

Intervention fidelity

 

  b.

Matching

 

  c.

Randomization

 

  d.

Statistical control

 

37. In the research question “What is the effect of relaxation therapy versus biofeedback on the functional ability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis?, what is the “O” of the PICO format?
 

  a.

Rheumatoid arthritis

 

  b.

Biofeedback

 

  c.

Functional ability

 

  d.

Relaxation therapy

 

38.Which statement is true about “sampling”?

  a.

Sample size is not a concern in quantitative research

 

  b.

Quantitative and qualitative research typically use the same sampling methods

 

  c.

Eligibility criteria is not an important consideration when choosing the sample

 

  d.

Sampling is selecting a portion of the population to represent the larger population

 

39. Which sampling design involves randomization in the sample selection process?

  a.

Purposive

 

  b.

Probability

 

  c.

Convenience

 

  d.

Snowball

 

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
NURS 435

 

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