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1. Odds ratios are estimates of relative risks under all of the following conditions except: 

A. When disease outcomes are common

B. Cases are representative in regards to exposure of all people with the disease in the population

C. When disease outcomes are rare

D. Controls are representative of all in the population without the disease who were not exposed 

 

2. In a study of a disease in which all cases that were developed were ascertained if the relative risk for the association between a factor and the disease is 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 0.8), then: 

A. There is a negative association between the factor and the disease 

B. The factor protects against the development of the disease 

C. Either matching or randomization has been unsuccessful

D. There is no association between the factor and disease

 

3. The following data were collected in a 20 year prospective cohort study of health outcomes of obesity during early adulthood. A total of 9000 individuals 20-25 years of age were enrolled and 3420 had a BMI of 30 or above. 2500 obese individuals have developed a chronic disease by the end of the study. Among individuals with < 30 BMI, 2600 individuals had been diagnosed with at least one chronic disease by the end of the study. What is the relative risk of chronic disease among obese individuals in this study?  A. 1.57 B. 0.97 C. 2.04 D. 3.31   4. In a cohort study of the incidence of cancer following an explosion at a local chemical plant, researchers followed 425 employees who were at work that day and compared their rate of cancer development to 56 employees who were out of the building that day. The researchers observed that 35 employees who were at work on the day of the explosion developed cancer in the next ten years. Only 3 employees who were out of the building that day developed cancer during the same time period.  Based on the data above, what is the relative risk for a person who was at work on the day of the explosion to get cancer? A. 1.08 B. 1.54 C. 2.89 D. 0.42 SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING NURS 864

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