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Case Scenario 

Bob, 54 years old is recovering from a R hip replacement and has been sent to you to have some blood samples taken.

 

Bob has been given a program by his physiotherapist to follow including low-impact exercises which will improve his fitness and help with the recovery of muscles. 

 

Bob has not exercised since his hip replacement which has weakened his cardiovascular function and contributed to muscle atrophy (decrease in muscle mass).

 

You ask Bob some questions about his general health and wellbeing and Bob informs you as follows:

He is used to being active, walking around his neighbourhood.
He has a wound infection which is healing.
He is on pain medication, daily.
He has lost 4kg since the operation.
He is experiencing constipation.
He is having difficulty urinating; he feels the urge frequently but has to strain to urinate.
His temperature fluctuates – he can experience feeling hot and sweating.
He has not exercised since the operation, only moving with crutches from the bed to the bathroom when necessary.
He is unhappy, withdrawn and struggling to connect with other residents.

  

 

 

1.         Explain how the following systems directly relate to other systems of the body

System

Response

Lymphatic System

 

Digestive System

 

 

Urinary System

 

 

 

 

Bob is having difficulty urinating. This could be an indication of having prostate issues.

 

2a. Which system of the body does the prostate gland belong to?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2b. Explain how the system from your answer to Question 2.a relates to the Endocrine system.

Endocrine

.

y

 

 

The physio has suggested Bob include low-impact activities in his daily routine.

 

3a. Explain if these activities would be ‘active’ or ‘passive’ activities and why.

     

 

 

 

3b. Explain additional benefits that can be obtained in supporting healthy body functioning through active or passive activities for a person with a disability.

 

 

 

 

Due to having a high temperature, Bob has become dehydrated affecting his electrolyte levels and pH balance. 

 

4a. Which organ primarily regulates pH and electrolytes in the body?

 

ry

 

4b. Which system of the body does this organ belong to?

 

 

 

4c. Explain how the system from your answer to Question 4.b relates to the nervous system.

 

y

 

 

 

 

 

5. How can Bob increase his electrolyte levels?

 

 

 

6. What can Bob do to bring his alkalinity levels up?

 

 

 

7. What can Bob do to bring his temperature level down when he experiences fever?

 

 

 

8. What can Bob do to maintain and improve the healthy functioning of the cardiovascular system in relation to his high blood pressure?

 

 

 

9. Bob is susceptible to infection following his surgery.   Explain how the body’s immune system can provide protection from infection ?

 

 

 

 

PART B

The following abbreviations may be written in the clinical notes of a pathology referral and require you as the collector to correctly identify them, or you may need to use them to clinical notes. Next to each, either write down the abbreviation where the meaning is given or give the abbreviation for the meaning given.

Abbreviation

Meaning

Ab

 

 

Arterial blood gas

AF

 

AMI

 

BD

 

 

Blood pressure

BT

 

CCF

 

 

Chest pain for investigation

CSF

 

CVA

 

Cx

 

DOB

 

 

Deep vein thrombosis

ECG

 

 

Fasting blood sugar

HDL

 

HEP

 

 

Human immunodeficiency virus

IDDM

 

LDL

low density lipoprotein

M,C&S

 

NIDDM

 

PRN

 

RBS

 

 

Rhesus factor for blood group testing

 

Rheumatoid factor

SOBFI

 

 

sexually transmitted disease

STI

 

TDS

 

 

meaning of the following prefixes and suffixes and give an example in each case. Prefixes – beginning of a word:

e.g. Meta-: change   Example: metaphase

Suffixes – end of a word:

e.g. -algia: pain

Example: neuralgia

 

2.1   Derma-

Pertaining to the skin

dermatologist

2.2   Dys-

 

 

2.3   -ectomy

 

 

2.4   Endo-

 

 

2.5   Haem-

 

 

2.6   Hyper-

 

 

2.7   Hypo-

 

 

2.8   Leuko-

 

 

2.9   Melan-

 

 

2.10 -oma

 

 

2.11 Ortho-

 

 

2.12 -ostomy

 

 

2.13 Poly-

 

 

2.14 Sclero-

 

 

2.15 -stasis

 

 

2.16 -stomy

 

 

 

 

 

The following instruction was given to your patient by a medical practitioner. Next to the abbreviation, the meaning so that the instruction can make sense to your patient.

 

Please administer IM (3.1) ____________________

 

MANE(3.2) _____________________PR (3.3)________________________

 

Ensure PT (3.4) _____________________NPO (3.5) ______________________________

 

Also ensure IV (3.6)_____________________ ___is inspected bd (3.7) ______________________

 

 

 

 

You are a pathology collector in a collection centre. During the performance of your duties, it may happen from time to time that you are unsure about the meaning of certain medical terminology or its abbreviation. Describe four sources you may seek clarification from.

 

 

 

 

 

The table to the right reflects some of the common medical terminology used in pathology collection. Match the definition with its corresponding word, by writing down only the number of the definition next to the word.

Definition

Failure of carbohydrate and fat metabolism due to gluten in wheat and rye.

Word

Acute

Number

 

A degenerative disorder that can change in any organ especially the liver.

Aerobic

Number

 

15

A structure in the nucleus containing a thread of DNA which transmits general information.

Anaemia

 

Organism that can only live in

the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic

 

Deficiency on quality / quality of red cells in the blood.

Aneurysm

 

A local dilatation of a blood vessel, usually in an artery.

Antibody

 

Non-invasive condition, not serious.

Antigen

 

A specific form of blood

protein produced in the lymph tissue able to counteract the effects of bacterial antigens or toxins.

Benign

 

Any substance bacterial or otherwise which in suitable conditions can stimulate the product of antibodies.

Centrifuge

 

Related to or situated near the head.

Cephalic

 

Of long duration.

Chromosome

 

Organism that can live in the

absence of oxygen.

Chronic

 

Surgical removal of the uterus.

Cirrhosis

 

An apparatus that rotates at high speed.

Coeliac

 

Sudden, severe.

Hysterectomy

 

Reduced flow of blood resulting in impairment of cell function.

Ischemia

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
NUR HLT54115

 

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