Image transcription text Immune System Innate immunity

Image transcription text Immune System Innate immunity includes Adaptive immunity what components: divides into: cell-mediated immunity humoral immunity which includes cells that made of cells make Fill out the flowchart above to help you practice your “component of the human immune system” – note: I might not have left you all the room you needed to typo or write. WALK THROUGH THE PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE: Antigen in the body à macrophage “gobbles” up the antigen and present part of the antigen to the rest of the immune system Helper T cells show up and do 2 things: activate _____________ that are going to directly destroy infected cells and stimulate ______________. ____________________ subdivide into plasma and memory – plasma ___ cells make antibodies right away and memory ___ cells make antibodies during future infections with same antigen What is happening during a secondary immune response? LEUKOCYTES and ANTIBODIES: Think of the different LEUKOCYTES (mast cells, basophils, macrophages, etc.) from the PPT – what are their functions/main features to know (e.g., types of immune situations they are prevalent during)? For each of the antibodies referred to in the study guide, what are the key features of each that you were asked to know? THINK THESE THROUGH – DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY – “active” means the host (i.e., the person’s) immune system is actively producing immune response. “passive” means immunity components, like antibodies, are being “given.” “natural” means this situation occurs in nature, whereas artificial typically refers to a healthcare setting. naturally acquired active – give an example naturally acquired passive – give an example artificially acquired active – give an example artificially acquired passive – give an example Example of Lack of Immunity/Immunodeficiency: HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS…consider the following scenarios: A patient comes to a walk in clinic expressing concern about HIV exposure from the previous day. Conventional/Traditional screenings: Would an ELISA screening be useful in determining if this patient was HIV+ at this point in time? If the ELISA came back positive for ANY patient, what does the patient get told by the HCP? What happens next in terms of testing? Why? Newer testing: Is there a test that can give results even faster than ELISA? What other types of labs might be run on a patient AFTER they are diagnosed with HIV as part of managing the condition? You are working with a patient newly diagnosed with HIV in the past few months and they have lots of questions about the disease and the plan of care? Respond to their questions below: “Without being too technical, can you tell my what HIV does in the body that is so bad?” “What is the disease progression like? Right now I feel achy all over, like I have the flu…does this last forever?” “What is cART, and what is the goal of this treatment?” “When will I know that I have progressed from having HIV to AIDS?” “What other illnesses might I be at risk for that are HIV/AIDS-related? Are these illnesses really as concerning/deadly as the HIV/AIDS infection?” “I am being started on Zidovudine and Efavirenz. Any side or adverse effects I should be aware of or ongoing monitoring of labs needed related to these drugs?” “Are there any other lifestyle changes I will need to make related to preventing disease transmission, preventing myself from infections, etc.?” “You mentioning ongoing laboratory testing…what will you be testing for?” You are a nurse educator going to provide some brief education at an emergency department nurse staff meeting. Your topics is to discuss PrEP, PEP, HIV Vaccination, and patient education on prevention – what information do you want to deliver? You only have a few minutes, so be concise. Type 1 Hypersensitivity Examples A patient you are caring for on a medical-surgical hospital floor starts exhibiting s/s of an anaphylactic reaction to Vancomycin (an antibiotic that they are receiving through an intermittent intravenous infusion that is currently running through a PIV in their left hand) What s/s would you expect to assess in this patient? What actions are going to be take in the care of this patient? A patient who just started on an ACE-I is being brought by ambulance to your emergency department where you are a nurse. Emergency medical services in the ambulance believe this to be a case of angioedema related to the medication What s/s would you expect to assess in this patient once they arrive given the description about? What actions are going to be taken in the care of this patient? Autoimmune Conditions Lupus S/S of condition? There are a LOT and they are ALL OVER the body because this is a condition that impacts connective tissue and this tissue type is everywhere in the body. As I have said before, I try to go head-to-toe with conditions that seem to impact multiple parts of the body or drugs with widespread side effects: Neuro? Cardiac? Pulmonary? GI? GU? Integumentary? Mobility/Musculoskeletal? Treatments…think goals…it’s an autoimmune disease so decreasing inflammations should be at the top of your list. Start with BIG drugs classes you know and are familiar with related to decreasing inflammation, then move onto the other immunosuppressants from the ppt Other Nursing Considerations or patient education? SJOGREN’S SYNDROME What is the patho of this condition – keep it simple? What are s/s? What interventions can we implement to help? GUILLAIN-BARRE What is the patho of this condition – keep it simple? We don’t exactly know the cause, but what has the disease been linked to? What are s/s? If a patient has a known history of GBS and presents to hospital with patellar reflexes of 1+, how will you react? Expected? Unexpected? Is this an emergency? What interventions can we implement to address? MYASTHENIA GRAVIS What is the patho of this condition – keep it simple? What are s/s? Patient might present with what as an early sign? What interventions can we implement to address and what are S/A/E? What organ might be removed in a patient with MG if it is enlarged? KNOW COMMON CONCERNS AND INTERVENTIONS NEEDED FOR PATIENTS ON IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS Infection risk? Cancer risk? Bone marrow suppression? Watch out for what? Suppression might be reflected in what labs? CORTICOSTEROIDS/GLUCOCORTICOIDS Nursing considerations? many of which relate back to S/A/E this is not a homework, it is a study guide that I need help with, if I am able to know this then I can do well in my exam. so please help. Thanks

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