5-year-old girl presented with painful limbs, easy

5-year-old girl presented with painful limbs, easy bruising and gingival bleeding. Her diet mainly comprised chapatti, sugar and tea. She refused vegetables and fruit. When venepuncture was undertaken, multiple petechiae appeared on her arm distal to the tourniquet (positive Hess test). Her haemoglobin was 5.5 /100 mL and the film showed a hypochromic microcytic picture. However, the WBC and platelet count were normal and no blast cells were detected. 10-year-old girl from a nomadic family presented with a tender swelling in the right hypochondrium. She also had mild dyspnoea. Cautery marks were present over the abdominal mass. There was slight tenderness and dullness on percussion of the left posterior chest wall. Chest radiograph showed a round cystic mass in the left lower zone. Abdominal ultrasound also demonstrated a cystic mass in the left lobe of the liver. Serology for Echinococcus granulosa was positive. The cautery had been performed by a traditional medicine practitioner nine months earlier as a treatment for the abdominal swelling. Give the most likely diagnosis for each of the following scenarios and statements. At her booking visit a 42-year-old pregnant mother asks you about antenatal screening. You discuss with her a particular condition for which a prenatal screening test is routinely offered nationally. A pregnant mother has recently met a severely disabled teenager with this genetic condition, and is very concerned that her unborn child might have it. She wants to know whether it can be routinely screened for. You explain that it is not part of the national screening programme. A 2-week-old boy has been diagnosed with this condition following the neonatal blood spot test. His parents are being counselled about a strict diet, which he must adhere to. A minor patient has a heart rate of 70 and a P wave that comes early and is malformed. What is the likely cause of this? The client has paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. What are some causes of this? A 6 years old patient has atrial fibrillation. What can the nurse say about the P wave? what is the treatment of choice to convert to normal sinus rhythm for a client with atrial fibrillation. What type of rhythm is the client having? Having a heart rate of 40 with electrical activity beginning at the AV node. This condition is screened for as part of the neonatal check performed by the paediatrician on each baby during the first few days of life. It requires a specialised piece of equipment. This condition has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is screened for on the neonatal blood spot test (heel prick test), which if positive would show high levels of immunoreactive trypsinogen. 3. give the most likely condition for each of the following scenarios concerning notifiable diseases. Five children in the same nursery class contract the same disease. The GP says that it is not a notifiable condition. A 17-year-old boy contracts this illness. He sees his GP as he has read on the Internet that it could render him infertile, and he is very concerned about this. A minor patient has a heart rate of 70 and a P wave that comes early and is malformed. What is the likely cause of this? The client has paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. What are some causes of this? A 6 years old patient has atrial fibrillation. What can the nurse say about the P wave? what is the treatment of choice to convert to normal sinus rhythm for a client with atrial fibrillation. What type of rhythm is the client having? Having a heart rate of 40 with electrical activity beginning at the AV node. A 26-year-old pregnant woman contracts this condition during pregnancy. Her baby is born with growth retardation, visual problems, hearing impairment and a patent ductus arteriosus. A 10-year-old boy presents to the Accident and Emergency department feeling generally unwell. He is complaining of a headache, myalgia and an intermittent fever over the last few days. He has recently returned from visiting relatives in India. A GP sees a 5-year-old girl who has been coryzal and feverish. She has Koplik spots in her mouth. A few days later she develops a macular rash all over her trunk .An elderly patient has a regular rhythm with a rate of 50. What does this represent? A client has symptomatic sinus bradycardia. Which is the drug of choice to treat this condition? A minor patient has a heart rate of 70 and a P wave that comes early and is malformed. What is the likely cause of this? The client has paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. What are some causes of this? A 6 years old patient has atrial fibrillation. What can the nurse say about the P wave? what is the treatment of choice to convert to normal sinus rhythm for a client with atrial fibrillation.

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