Psychologists have been puzzled by the increase

Psychologists have been puzzled by the increase in the prevalence of neurodivergence such as autism in populations across the globe. Some of these experts suspect that the increase in the consumption of anesthesia during the child-birth process is the culprit. To test this hypothesis, they have collaborated with anesthesiologists to conduct a series of observational studies. 1. Why the choice of observational studies and not the gold standard, a randomized, placebo controlled, double blind human trial? 2. If the investigators correlated per capita sales of anesthesia doses to autism prevalence, this would be an example of: a. A cross-sectional design b. Cohort design c. Ecological/correlational design d. Prospective cohort design 3. If instead, they developed and mailed questionnaires to every 10th person in all countries willing to participate, asking about whether they have a child with neurodivergence and whether they consumed anesthesia during delivery. The developed 2 by 2 tables to analyze the data and found associations between anesthesia use and autism. This would be an example of: a. A cross-sectional design b. Cohort design c. Ecological/correlational design d. Prospective cohort design 4. What if the investigators decided to approach this question by recording anesthesia use at delivery and then followed the children over time to determine who develops autism. They would then use 2 by 2 tables to evaluate the association between anesthesia exposure at birth and autism at age 2 years?

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