You are a recent graduate of the

You are a recent graduate of the CDC’s (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS). You are ready for an adventure in infectious disease investigation. Infectious diseases are still one of the most common causes of illnesses and death around the world. With world population increasing and cities expanding at a steady rate, it is almost inevitable that certain infections will be transmitted easier. There are many epidemics or outbreaks in the world still going on right now. Let’s see what they are… A. Measles is a highly contagious disease spread through coughing or sneezing. Symptoms can include rash, high fever, coughing, and runny nose. The disease can also cause more serious problems, such as ear infections, pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)—even death. It remains a leading cause of death among young children globally, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. An estimated 197,000 people died from measles in 2007, mostly children under the age of five. Measles is caused by a: a. bacterium b. virus c. fungus d. parasite e. protozoa What are the ways to prevent this disease from spreading? a. identify cases as soon as possible and separate them from susceptible cases b. vaccinate susceptible persons eliminate mosquitoes by fumigation a & b b & c From January through July 2008, CDC received reports of 131 measles cases from 15 states and the District of Columbia—the highest year-to-date number since 1996. More than 90% of those infected had not been vaccinated, or their vaccination status was unknown. Many of these individuals were children whose parents chose not to have them vaccinated. Fifteen of the patients, including four infants, were hospitalized. The measles vaccine is included in one of these: a.OPV b. DTP c. MMR d. HBV e. BCG True or False. Through the decades, the immunization of susceptible persons against many diseases like measles, rubella, chickenpox, diphtheria, polio and mumps has dramatically decreased their incidence and prevented many deaths. B. A massive epidemic is occurring in Zimbabwe, Africa today. According to the World Health Organization, over 600,000 cases have been identified and over 3,000 persons have died. This epidemic is caused by a bacterium that looks like a letter C. It has a tail called flagellum and its main symptoms are severe and profuse diarrhea causing rapid dehydration. The Bad Bug 4 5. What is this disease called? What is the organism that causes this (Genus & species) What is the mode of transmission? a. direct contact b. respiratory transmission c. oral-fecal route d. mosquitoes 12. Some patients can die within hours of exhibiting the symptoms. Why is that? the bacterium is so virulent that it can cause septic shock and multiorgan failure within a few hours this infection causes a secretory type of diarrhea that causes rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes all patients affected have some form of malnutrition or immunodeficiency making them succumb faster to the infection the mosquito that is the vector in this infection also produces a special toxin that paralyzes the patient making breathing difficult C. Match Column A with Column B DEFINITIONS COLUMN A ____1. Epidemiology ____2. Prevalence ____3. Mortality Rate ____4. Zoonosis ____5. Incidence ____6. Vector ____7. Endemic ____8. Pandemic ____9. Outbreak ___10. Virulence COLUMN B relative pathogenicity of an infectious organism arthropods that transmit pathogens from one host to another sudden high incidence of disease in a given population a worldwide epidemic diseases seen in animals that can be passed on to humans constant low frequency of disease science concerned with the prevalence & distribution of disease percent of total population that has the disease at a given time deaths per total infected number of new cases during a period divided by the total population D. Infectious diseases are spread faster in crowded places. The rapid increase in population due to high birth rate and migration in many cities in developing countries have contributed to outbreaks of certain diseases. One of the oldest infectious diseases that has devastated mankind throughout centuries is still prevalent. Tuberculosis continues to be a formidable disease. Over 8 million new cases of TB occur worldwide and 2 million deaths are attributed to this disease every year. In the United States, it is estimated that 10-15 million people are infected with the TB bacteria and 22,000 new cases of TB occur each year. 13.Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called _______ True or False. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the respiratory route when an infected person coughs or sneezes and the bacteria are inhaled by a susceptible person. TB can spread from the lungs to almost every part of the body. The following are people at risk of developing tuberculosis EXCEPT: a. persons with immunodeficiencies like cancer, on chemotherapy or infected with HIV b. those who live with persons who have untreated active TB c. nursing home residents foreign-born persons from high-prevalent countries people who have allergies to cats or dogs In a hypothetical town in a developing country in Southeast Asia, the municipal health officer became alarmed by an increase in cases of tuberculosis. The persons he saw came down with a chronic cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. The patients he sees are mostly poor and specialized laboratory tests are unaffordable. The doctor collected sputum from suspected cases for analysis. Why is it important to get the sputum for testing? What are you looking for? The following data were collected from this clinic: Draw your contingency table Total number of patients- 85 Patients with symptoms of fever, weight loss & cough- 65 Of the 65: Sputum smear-positive- 49 Sputum smear-negative-16 Patients without symptoms- 20 Sputum smear-positive- 2 Sputum smear-negative- 18 What is the Odds’ Ratio that those who have symptoms have tuberculosis? Show your calculations. 18. Looking at the data above, is it possible to have tuberculosis without actually having symptoms? Briefly discuss. (2 points) Is it possible to have tuberculosis without having smear-positive sputum? Briefly discuss. (2 points) As a public health officer, you can also make recommendations to stop the transmission of tuberculosis in the community. Which of the following would be practical recommendations for this town? Tuberculosis is highly-infectious especially in closed living quarters where many people live in small spaces. You will start a case-finding mission to determine who else may have exposed to the patients who have tuberculosis and treat them as needed, You will request the government to provide appropriate medicines to those who cannot afford to buy them and make sure the patients get their medications everyday (direct observational therapy or DOT) for 6-9 months. You will organize educational outreach programs to the townspeople to dispel the stigma of tuberculosis and educate them on transmission, symptoms, prevention and treatment. Provide masks and respirators for the whole town to use for the next 6-9 months while TB patients are under treatment a, b & c all of the above none of the above SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING HCMG 3701

******CLICK ORDER NOW BELOW AND OUR WRITERS WILL WRITE AN ANSWER TO THIS ASSIGNMENT OR ANY OTHER ASSIGNMENT, DISCUSSION, ESSAY, HOMEWORK OR QUESTION YOU MAY HAVE. OUR PAPERS ARE PLAGIARISM FREE*******."