2. Consider the following case study: Brittany, 27 years old,

2. Consider the following case study: Brittany, 27 years old, lives in a small, rural town in North Carolina. She and her husband of 1 year want to start a family. Brittany wants to stop smoking before she becomes pregnant. She has tried various strategies including nicotine gum and hypnotherapy, but she hasn’t been able to abstain from smoking completely. She feels a great deal of guilt. Like several of her friends, Brittany began smoking when she was 16. When she was an adolescent, Brittany saw images of beautiful women smoking in magazines and in movies. On occasion, she would see some of her teachers smoking outside during their lunch hour. Smoking was allowed in some restaurants and most bars in her community when Brittany was growing up. Brittany’s father is also a smoker, although he is actively trying to quit after a diagnosis of heart disease last year. Based on each level of influence of the social ecological model (SEM), explain why Brittany may have started smoking at age 16. Provide at least one (1) example of influence for each level of the SEM and indicate the level of influence for each example. Identify a personal, social, and environmental factor that may influence Brittany to continue smoking. Provide an example in your response and indicate the level of influence of each factor that you identified. 3. Consider the following case study: Marena is 47, recently divorced, and works as a manager of a small health clinic in Dallas, Texas. She typically works 10 hours a day, 5 (sometimes 6) days a week, which leaves her little time to prepare healthy meals and exercise. After work, she usually picks up dinner from one of the many fast food restaurants located on her route home. She has one child who just started college. Marena was born in Mexico. Her parents brought her to the United States when she was 10 years old. Her parents worked long hours and did not always have the financial means to provide healthy food for the family, so she and her siblings grew up on a diet that included a lot of bread and very few fresh fruits and vegetables. Under the circumstances, her parents did the best that they could do to provide for their family. Throughout her life, Marena has struggled with her weight. Both of her parents are overweight as well. Marena recognizes that she needs to lose weight but has not been motivated to make behavioral changes. During a recent visit with her doctor, she was told that she is prediabetic and that she needs to lose weight to help prevent becoming a type 2 diabetic. Her doctor has counseled her on diet and exercise guidelines. Explain at least two (2) environmental factors that may influence Marena’s exercise and eating behaviors, which have contributed to her struggle with weight. Explain how Marena’s attitudes and beliefs, her family and peers’ behaviors, and her environment may interact to influence her decisions and behaviors related to exercise and eating behavior? 4. Consider the following case study: Brianna, 16, recently received her driver’s license. Her parents bought her a used vehicle to commute to and from school. Like most of her peers, Brianna has a smartphone. Despite several educational seminars at school about the negative consequences associated with talking and texting while driving, Brianna and many of her friends use their cell phones while they drive. Before her parents gave her the car, they told her not to text and drive. However, Brianna has been in the car when her parents were driving while using the phone. Explain the social factors (e.g., family, peers, adult role models, entertainment and media, etc.) that may influence Brianna’s driving and cellphone use behavior. What level of influence do you think has the greatest impact on Brianna’s decision to use her phone despite learning about the negative consequences of phone use while driving? Defend your answer. 5. explain the relationship between health behaviors and health outcomes. Identify at least two health consequences of continuing the health behavior described in each scenario.

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