Explain the Disease Process and Pathophysiology? Using this book Concepts
Explain the Disease Process and Pathophysiology? Using this book Concepts for Nursing Practice, 4th Edition, concept 13, glucose regulation to refrence and APA citaion, Because glucose is the primary fuel source for the brain, hypoglycemia causes symptoms such as drowsiness, confusion, seizures, and coma. Additionally, hypoglycemia stimulates the release of counterregulatory hormones resulting in autonomic nervous system activation. Activation of the autonomic nervous system produces symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, sweating, and palpitations. Recurrent hypoglycemia can lower the glucose level that stimulates the release of counterregulatory hormones, resulting in delayed symptom onset. Additionally, recurrent hypoglycemia increases the risk of chronic cognitive impairment and accelerated cognitive decline in older adults.13,14 The risk of fatal hypoglycemia is estimated to be 4% to 10% in those with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.15 Recurrent hypoglycemia also leads to hypoglycemia unawareness, a condition associated with autonomic neuropathy in which the counterregulatory hormonal response is blunted. The spectrum of diabetic autonomic neuropathy also includes orthostatic hypotension, resting tachycardia, gastroparesis, constipation, diarrhea, erectile dysfunction, neurogenic bladder, and alterations in sweat gland activity.16 Hypoglycemia occurs more frequently in those with type 1 diabetes and is a challenge across the life span.17
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