MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the questio

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. You should have a keen awareness that there may be injuries based on your scene size-up. This is known as which of the following? Mechanism of injury B) Index of suspicion C) Law of inertia D) Nature of illness Which of the following is NOT a consideration that should be used by the EMT in establishing the size of the danger zone? Wind direction B) Presence of hazardous materials C) Amount of equipment needed D) Fire You are called to a motor vehicle collision where the car is on fire. You should ensure safety by: putting your unit back in service and leaving the scene. B) using your fire extinguisher to put out the fire. C) borrowing turnout gear from the fire department. D) remaining a safe distance from the car until the fire is out. Your patient, a 29-year-old female, was the front seat passenger in a vehicle that was struck in the passenger’s side door by another vehicle that ran a red light. Which of the following is most likely to have occurred? A) The patient took the “up and over” pathway, striking her head on the windshield. B) The patient’s body was pushed forcefully out from under her head, causing injury to the cervical spine. C) The patient impacted the steering wheel with her chest, causing a fracture of the sternum. D) The patient took the “down and under” pathway, causing trauma to her lower extremities. Which of the following is NOT determined in a scene size-up? Mechanism of injury B) Chief complaint C) Potential hazards to the EMS crew D) Need for additional resources You are on the scene of an explosion at a suspected methamphetamine manufacturing operation. You and your partner are the first to arrive and note two middle-aged men and a woman on the front lawn with burns and cuts on their faces and arms. The fire department is en route. Which of the following resources should be the LEAST important to be requested by the EMT during the scene size-up? Law enforcement B) Gas company C) One or two additional ambulances D) Hazardous material clean-up crew Which of the following situations will NOT require additional resources at the scene? A call for a sick person at home during which an odor of natural gas is detected A patient with emphysema who is on oxygen therapy at home A call to a manufacturing plant where a worker has his hand caught in a machine A 300-pound woman complaining of back pain Where should the EMT assess for injury when caring for a patient who had a two-story fall and landed square on his feet? A) Patient’s ankles C) Patient’s lower back B) Patient’s femur D) All of the above Which of the following is true concerning scene size-up? Information from bystanders is not important on trauma calls. The need for additional resources must be determined on both medical and trauma calls. Determining the number of patients is not important on a medical call. Scene size-up does not play a role in determining the nature of the illness. A fall is considered severe anytime an adult patient has fallen more than 15 C) 20 D) 10 During the primary assessment of an unresponsive two-month old infant, which pulse should be palpated? A) Umbilical B) Brachial C) Carotid D) Radial You find a middle-aged unresponsive man lying prone on the ground near a ladder. You should: A) move the ladder out of the way. B) roll him over to a supine position. C) manually immobilize his head. D) pick him up with a scoop stretcher. Which of the following is NOT true regarding a patient who has a mental status of less than “alert”? A) He is in a state of rapid eye movement sleep. B) He requires high-concentration oxygen. C) He may not have adequate blood circulation. D) His brain may not be getting enough oxygen. Which of the following is true concerning the primary assessment? The EMT should perform a sternal rub on all patients to test for response to painful stimuli. B) The primary assessment begins by just observing the patient as you enter the room. Manual airway maneuvers must be performed on all patients. External bleeding will be obvious as you enter the room and initially see the patient. During the primary assessment of a responsive adult patient, where should the pulse be checked? At the femoral artery B) At the radial artery C) At the carotid artery D) At the brachial artery What BEST defines the immediate sense of the patient’s degree of distress, formulated from the patient’s immediate environment, appearance, and chief complaint? General impression B) Secondary assessment C) Scene size-up D) Primary assessment Which of the following represents the correct order of assessment for the EMT during the primary assessment from start to end? General impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority B) Patient priority, general impression, mental status, airway, breathing, circulation C) Mental status, general impression, airway, breathing, circulation, patient priority D) None of the above Which of the following is the correct manner for checking for responsiveness in an apparently unresponsive infant? Flicking the soles of the feet B) Pinching the earlobe C) Shaking the child D) Rubbing the sternurn with your knuckles The increase in the work of breathing is reported as: labored breathing. B) obstructed breathing. C) troubled breathing. D) noisy breathing. 2 You have a 38-year-old patient who has fainted. Following your local protocol you use a light wave device to determine the Sp02. As the EMT, you attach the device on the patient’s finger, which gives you a reading of 91. What does that reading indicate? Mild hypoxia B) Normal results C) Severe hypoxia D) Significant hypoxia You are attempting to assess the blood pressure of a 35-year—old male at the scene of a multiple vehicle collision. The scene is very noisy and you are unable to clearly hear the patient’s heartbeat. You should: A) try using the patient’s other arm. B) have your partner try auscultating the blood pressure. C) use an automatic blood pressure machine. D) obtain the blood pressure by palpation. The range of normal blood glucose level is from a low of 60 to 80 mg/dL to a high of: 110 to 130. B) 90 to 100. C) 100 to 120. D) 120 to 140. You are called to care for a child who has fallen out of a third-story window. You arrive to find the child in his mother’s arms. As you approach, you notice the child’s skin is pale with dark spots of cyanosis. You would report this uncommon condition of blotchy skin as: flushed. B) cyanotic. C) mottling. D) jaundiced. Recording and documenting your patient’s first set of vital signs is very important because, when combined with reassessments, it allows you to do which of the following? A) Discover trends and changes in the patient’s condition. B) Fill in all of the blanks on the patient care report forrn. C) Compare your patient’s condition with other patients’ conditions. D) Make an accurate diagnosis of the patient’s illness. You are caring for a teenager who is having a severe allergic reaction. He has hives all over his stomach, is having respiratory distress, and is wheezing. After you administer oxygen, you get a set of vital signs. Medical direction has ordered you to assist with administration of his Epi-PenO. You will monitor the success of your interventions during the: primary assessment. B) reassessment. C) focused exam. D) secondary assessment. Which of the following methods should be used to have a patient rate the amount of pain he is having? A) Ask the patient to state whether the pain is mild, moderate, severe, or unbearable. Use the memory aid DCAP. Use the memory aid AVPU. Have the patient rate the pain on a scale of 1 (least) to 10 (worst). In which of the following patients should you check for the possibility of spinal injury? A responsive patient with no history of injury who is complaining of a headache and neck pain An unresponsive diabetic who appears to have fallen down An unresponsive patient found in her bed with no obvious injury All of the above Your patient is a 15-year-old female complaining of shortness of breath. Which of the following is NOT appropriate during the focused exam? Listening to her breath sounds B) Checking her pupils for reactivity to light C) Looking at her nail beds D) Looking at the use of her neck muscles An EMT’s assessment differs from an assessment made in the emergency department in which way? The EMT is working with limited resources. B) An EMTs focus is on life threats first. The emergency physician is concerned with scene safety. Time is available in the emergency department to make a diagnosis. Which of the following is NOT a reason for routine review of patient care reports in a quality improvement program? Satisfy requirements of the shift supervisor B) Review poor patient care C) Review excellent patient care D) Assess conformity to patient care standards Why is it important to notify medical control as soon as practical about your patient’s condition? It is common courtesy. It minimizes the chance that you will forget to contact medical control. C) It provides legal protection as patient care now becomes their responsibility. D) It allows the receiving facility more time to prepare for your arrival. Patient data includes all of the following except the: patient’s chief complaint. B) patient’s medications. C) mechanism of injury. D) nature of the dispatch. When giving a radio report to the hospital, which of the following would be the first patient-specific information provided? The patient has taken nitroglycerin. B) The patient is a 55—year-old male. C) The patient is complaining of chest pain. D) The patient is having a heart attack. You and your partner are en route to a motor vehicle crash involving a tanker truck on a rural road. Dispatch informs you that fluid is leaking from the truck, that there are several bystanders passed out on the ground near the cab of the truck, and that a caller has reported the code that appears on a placard attached to the tanker truck. You should: park downwind from the tanker truck. B) remove the bystanders from the scene. C) consult the Emergency Response Guidebook. D) park about 50 feet from the truck. As you are assessing a 32-year-old asthmatic woman who has called EMS due to difficulty breathing, her husband enters the home through a back door and shouts, “Get your hands off her; she doesn’t need your help. She needs to be taught a lesson about her smart mouth.” Which of the following is the best course of action? A) Continue assessment and respond that the patient is sick and needs medical attention. Leave the scene and patient, then notify police. Let the husband know that his behavior is inappropriate, and if it continues you will call for the police. Attempt to remove the patient from the home and continue treatment en route to the hospital. When considering the potential for injury from a fall, which of the following is LEAST important? Whether the patient struck anything with his body on the way down Patient’s weight Height of the fall Type of surface onto which the patient fell Which of the following BEST describes an EMS provider’s “sixth sense”? Scene safety B) Clinical judgment C) Diagnostic ability D) General impression In EMS, what does mental status refer to? Patient’s level of awareness of his surroundings Patient’s general level of intelligence Any history of mental illness that the patient may have D) None of the above You are called to a 72-year-old patient with weakness and headache with an initial blood pressure of 140/92. Her repeat blood pressure at 5 minutes is unchanged. Her condition is called: hypertension. B) hypotension. C) stroke. D) prehypertension. When pupils are dilated they are: irregularly shaped. B) smaller than normal. C) elliptical or elongated in shape. D) larger than normal. Your patient has been hit in the arm with a baseball during practice. He is alert and oriented, complaining of pain to his left arm with obvious black discoloration of the skin. What type of assessment is called for in this situation? Focused exam B) Area exam C) Detailed physical exam D) Rapid trauma exam You and another EMT are discussing a call he previously ran. The EMT said the patient had classic chest pain symptoms and he treated it as a possible heart attack, but he later found out the patient just had indigestion and was discharged 2 hours later. The EMT was concerned that his patient assessment skills were not as good as they should be, and that the ED physician will no longer trust his judgment. How should you respond to his concerns? Tell him that his misdiagnosis is a result of confirmation bias. Tell him that his misdiagnosis is a result of anchoring. Tell him that his misdiagnosis is a result of limited information. Tell him that his misdiagnosis is a common EMT mistake caused by illusionary correlation. Which of the following BEST describes a portable radio? A two—way radio at a fixed site A device that receives and amplifies signals that must be sent over long distances A two-way radio that is mounted in a vehicle A two-way radio that can be carried on a belt clip As you approach the scene of a motorcycle accident, you see an EMR trying to stop the bleeding on the patient’s left arm. You notice that the EMR has blood covering the front of his shirt and running down his arms. What Standard Precautions are needed? Gloves, gown, eye protection, and an N-95 or HEPA respirator are needed. B) There is no need for Standard Precautions because you have no open injuries. Gloves, gown, and face mask with eye shield are needed. Gloves and gown only are needed. You are at the scene where a 19-year-old female college student has been drinking large quantities of alcohol throughout the evening. On your arrival, the patient is lying on her back with no signs of trauma, has vomited, and has slow, wet sounding respirations. Which of the following should you do next? A) Determine the respiratory rate. B) Check for carotid and radial pulses. C) Open the patient’s airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. D) Assist respirations with a bag-valve-mask device. The term cyanosis is used when the patient’s skin color is noted to be which of the following characteristics? Blue-gray B) Yellow C) Very pale D) Flushed You are performing a rapid trauma assessment on an unresponsive 30-year-old male. As you evaluate his head, which of the following should you check for? Function of the cranial nerves Whether the patient can follow your finger with his eyes Unequal facial muscles Crepitation You have received the following order from medical control: “Administer one tablet of nitroglycerin under the patient’s tongue.” Which of the following is the BEST response? “Copy. Administering medication now.” “Roger, order received.” “Clear. Will advise of any changes in patient’s condition. ” “Order received. One nitroglycerin tablet under the patient’s tongue.” Your patient fell out of a tree while putting the roof on a tree house. A 15-foot ladder is required to enter the tree house and there is enough room for an adult to stand up inside. Your patient should be transported to: A) a trauma center. B) the closest hospital. C) a neurosurgery center. D) an urgent care center. Your patient is a 42-year-old woman who fell two feet from a ladder and is complaining of pain in her ankle. Which of the following are you unable to determine from the information given? Chief complaint B) Transport priority C) General impression D) Airway status

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