why the answer is correct and the other 3 are incorrect. 101. What is the

why the answer is correct and the other 3 are incorrect. 101. What is the most common method for measuring sodium? a. coulometric titration b. Mercuri metric titration c. ion-selective electrode d. flame photometry 102. Which one of the following is the major intracellular cation? a. magnesium b. potassium c. chloride d. sodium 103. A potassium result of 6.8 mmol/L is obtained from a dialysis patient. Before reporting this result, what is the most appropriate action? a. check for hemolysis b. rerun quality control c. recalibrate potassium d. call the critical result 104. Valinomycin can enhance the selectivity of which ISE electrode? a. sodium b chloride c. potassium d carbon dioxide 105. Which of these potassium values would be termed hypokalemia? a. 3.0 mmol/L b. 4.0 mmol/L c. 5.0 mmol /L d. 6.0 mmol/L 106. All of the following can cause low chloride levels EXCEPT which one? a. diabetic acidosis b. renal failure c. prolonged vomiting d. dehydration 107. Sweat is an appropriate type of specimen for which electrolyte? a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. carbon dioxide 108. In the coulometric-amperometric method for chloride, how is the amount of chloride measured? a. AgCl production b. rate of generation of current c. time needed to reach the titration end point d. amount of current needed to generate excess silver 109. In the classic Schales-Schales (mercurimetric titration) method for chloride, what substance reacts with the indicator to form a violet color? a. AgCl2 b. excess Hg** c. ferric nitrate d. mercuric thiocyanate 110. Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is present in which form? a. dissolved CO2 b. bicarbonate ion, c. calcium carbonate d. ammonium carbonate 111. All of the following specimens can be analyzed for carbon dioxide EXCEPT which one? a. urine b. serum c. plasma d. whole blood 112. Which electrolyte results are within the normal range? Sodium Potassium Chloride Carbon dioxide a. 120 4.5 100 25 b. 145 3.0 110 17 c. 160 6.0 95 40 d. 140 5.0 101 24 113. Given the following results, what is the anion gap? Sodium 145 mmol/L Potassium 4.0 mmol/L Chloride 100 mmol/L Bicarbonate 22 mmol/L a. 17 b. 20 c. 25 d. 27 114. What term describes a substance that minimizes any change in hydrogen ion concentration? a. anion b buffer c. cation d. metabolite 115. Which organ primarily regulates the level of carbon dioxide? a. hypothalamus b. kidney c. liver d. lung 116. What will happen if blood is exposed to air during specimen collection for pH and blood gases? a. pH decreases b. pO2 decreases c. pCO2 decreases d. CO2 content increases 117. Which of the following is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation? a. pKa = pH + log (salt/acid) b. p H = pKa + log (acid/salt) c. p H = pKa – log (acid/salt) d. p H = pKa + log (salt/acid) 118. W h a t is the ratio of bicarbonate: carbonic acid in normal plasma? a. 20:1 b. 10:5 c. 5:1 d. 1:2 119. Lab results on a known diabetic patient revealed a decreased bicarbonate and decreased pH. Which acid-base disorder would most likely cause these lab values? a. metabolic acidosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic alkalosis d. respiratory alkalosis 120. What is the normal range for pH of blood? а. 6.50-7.50 b. 7.05-7.35 c. 7.35-7.45 d. 7.45-7.65 121. Which statement concerning optical density according to Beer’s law is true? a. It is inversely proportional to the concentration. b. I t is directly proportional to the concentration. c. It is proportional to the square root of the concentration. d. It is proportional to the square root of the absorbance. 122. For the ultraviolet range, which of these must be employed in the spectrophotometer? a. diffraction grating b. glass prism c. quartz cuvette d. tungsten lamp 123. When performing spectrophotometer quality checks, what is the holmium oxide glass filter used to assess? a linearity b. stray light c. absorbance accuracy d. wavelength accuracy 124. What is the principle of flame photometry? a. emission of a color when an element i s burned b. absorption of energy when an atom is ionized c. electrometric titration d. colorimetric analysis 125. What is the principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry? It measures light given off by excited atoms. b. It measures energy emitted by ultraviolet rays. c. It measures energy emitted by infrared atoms. d. It measures light absorption of electromagnetic radiation. 126. What is the light source in atomic absorption instrumentation? a. diffraction grating b. glass prism c. cathode lamp d. flame

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