A 62 year old female, Diane, presents to your office

1) Does regular smoking increase the risk of lung cancer in males over 40 years of age? A medical researcher finds 2000 men over 40 who have lung cancer. She also finds 2000 men over 40 who don’t have lung cancer. She asks each man in each group whether he regularly smoked as part of his usual lifestyle. Is this an observational study or an experimental study? Explain why. 2) There is good evidence that moderate alcohol use improves health. Some people think that red wine is better for your health than other alcoholic drinks. You have recruited 300 adults aged 45 65 who are willing to follow your orders about alcohol consumption over the next five years. You want to compare the effects of moderate red wine or beer drinking on heart disease. a) What are the explanatory and response variable? b) Draw a schematic outline to design a simple comparative randomized experiment. Comment on elements of control, randomization, and replication of this experiment. Can it be double-blind? Explain why. c) Women develop heart disease much later than men. We can improve the simple comparative randomized design by using women and men as blocks. Your 300 subjects include 120 women and 180 men. Draw a schematic outline to design a blocked randomized design for comparing wine and beer. Comment on elements of control, randomization, and replication of this experiment. d) Draw a schematic outline to design a matched pairs design using the same group of adults. Comment on elements of control, randomization, and replication of this experiment. Hey tutors, pls help me with the questions above. Thank you so much.

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