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Please read below discussions post and respond utilizing your own words: A) Health theories are important to integrate effective health promotion and health communication. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicts human behavior through subjective norms, perceptions and control influences on behavioral intentions. (Asare, M., 2015) This health theory can be greatly beneficial in providing a framework of understanding health behaviors. A study conducted to understand condom use in college students integrated the TPB, and found that associating attitudes to the students behaviors and subjective norms influenced their decision making. (Asare, M., 2015) Using TPB in this study helped to identify effective educational programs and measures to influence students’ attitudes towards condom use through behavior control and subjective norms. (Asare, M., 2015) Because TPB stands on a basis of assuming people act in a rational way based on their subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control; the limitation of TPB is that not everyone’s health behavior can be based on assumptions when considering an underlying rationale. (ASCN, 2021) The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theoretical model that is useful in disease prevention programs and in health promotion. (Rural Health Information Hub, [RHI] (n.d.) This theory is used to predict changes in health behaviors based on individual beliefs or percieved susceptibility or severity. (RHI, n.d.) The HBM is useful in understanding an individuals percieved threat of a disease, their health belief of the severity, and futher, their positive benefits to action. (RHI, n.d.) Additionally, this theory focuses on how individuals have cues to action, and their level of self efficacy. (RHI, n.d.) There are limitations when using the HBM, as this model does not take into consideration peoples beliefs, attitudes, economic factors and determinants of health to give the full picture of individual health behavior. (Boston University, 2022) In a study conducted with 576 pariticipants, the HBM was employed to understand eating behaviors over a year to identify barriers, benefits, severity, suceptibility cues to action, and measures of self efficacy. (Orji, R. et al. 2012) This study was successful in using the HBM as it showcased how results were conducive with improving predictive capacity in comparison to older theories or models. (Orji, R. et al. 2012) B) Two different theories that are desired in the textbook are the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Social Cognitive Theory. The Theory of Planned Behavior focuses on performing a behavior as the primary predictor of action. The key elements of this theory includes positive or negative evaluation of behaviors, social pressure, and ease or difficulty performing the behavior. The theory of Planned Behavior focuses perceived susceptibility to an illness (Parvanta, 2018). OnA strength of TPB is that it helps understand how attitudes and pressure influences behavior. A limitation of the theory is that it may focus on intentions and not behaviors or emotions. TBP has been used in practice during interventions to help increase exercise. An example of this is changing people’s feelings towards exercise. Social Cognitive Theory is another theory discussed. This theory shows the role of imitation, and observational learning. Some of the key concepts include self efficacy, and outcome expectations. Strengths of this theory is that explains how behaviors are learned. Limitations of this theory is that it may not be able to predict behaviors due to individual factors not being well defined. In practice this theory has been used for smoking initiatives and campaigns. Both the Social Cognitive Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior offer a lot of insight in behavior change.

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