Describe ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, and ventilation-perfusion imbalances.

Describe ventilation, diffusion, perfusion, and ventilation-perfusion imbalances. 2. You are caring for an 82-year-old male transferred to the medical-surgical unit from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), status post appendectomy. The patient is currently alert to time, person, and place, and his vital signs are as follows: T 37.5°C (99.0°F) HR 79 bpm BP 125/74 RR 16 breaths/min SaO2 96% on oxygen at 2 L/min via nasal cannula The patient is receiving morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain management. a. What changes in his assessment would indicate that he is at risk for developing respiratory depression? b. What evidence-based scales and diagnostic tests could help you to identify this potential complication? 3. A patient with a significant pulmonary history is admitted to the medical unit where you work with complaints of shortness of breath. He reports that he worked in the coal mines for 42 years and smokes cigarettes every day. As part of the history, he tells you, “For the past couple of days, I can’t seem to catch my breath.” He informs you that he coughs up “yellow stuff” throughout the day, and it has been “thicker” than usual. a. What components of his assessment are most important for you to perform first? SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING NURS 103

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