For this scenario: Using the information provided,

For this scenario: Using the information provided, determine if the results indicate an obstructive, restrictive, or mixed pattern of deficit. Determine whether the pattern is reversible or non-reversible. Grade the severity of the disorder using the GOLD guidelines as appropriate. Provide the most likely diagnosis for the client. For each client, list one treatment strategy including rationale. You are scheduled to see patients at the assisted living center in the city. Your first patient in apartment 1C is a 56-year-old female, BP. As you prepare to meet the patient you review the recent lab results and PFT. BP was recently added to your roster and this is your second visit. BP PMH: hay fever and summer allergies. BP has a cough at night, 2-3 times a week, especially during the rice harvest. BP has never smoked. Retired NP. please, use these articles: https://goldcopd.org/2022-gold-reports-2/ https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/ Scholarly U.S. Provider (NP, PA, MD, DO) Journal Articles /COPD 1: Interpretation of results Q2: Interpretation of reversibility/GOLD severity grading Q3 : Most likely diagnosis Q4: Treatment strategy with rationale Post-bronchodilator spirometry test & lab results Test Result (% Predicted) % Change Result FEV1/FVC 58.6 29% FEV1 70 34% FVC 82 14 HCT 40.6% HGB 14.2 The questions have already been i need need help with the top 4 questions. Explanation: Question 1. The FEV1/FVC ratio is a key test used to diagnose COPD. A ratio below 70% is considered indicative of COPD. In Mr. Reynolds’ case, his ratio is 69%, which is just below the 70% threshold. Additionally, his FEV1 and FVC are both below 80% of their predicted values. This is also indicative of COPD. The Alpha-1 antitrypsin level is a test used to rule out alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as a cause of COPD. In Mr. Reynolds’ case, his Alpha-1 antitrypsin level is normal, which means that alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is not a contributing factor to his COPD. Question 2. The FEV1 is a key test used to diagnose and grade the severity of COPD. A FEV1 between 50% and 80% of its predicted value corresponds to a GOLD severity grade of 1, which indicates mild COPD. In Mr. Reynolds’ case, his FEV1 is 78% of its predicted value, which falls within this range. The FEV1/FVC ratio is another key test used to diagnose and grade the severity of COPD. A ratio below 70% is considered indicative of COPD. In Mr. Reynolds’ case, his ratio is 69%, which is just below the 70% threshold. This indicates that he has mild COPD. Question 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and cough with mucus production. COPD is a progressive disease, meaning it typically worsens over time. Eventually, everyday activities such as walking or getting dressed become difficult. COPD can result from damage to the lungs due to long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. Genetics may also play a role, as some people are born with genes that make them more susceptible to lung damage. COPD is diagnosed based on a review of symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam. Spirometry, a type of lung function test, is also often used. Question 4. The most important thing you can do if you have COPD is to stop smoking. Quitting smoking is the best way to slow the progression of the disease and improve your symptoms. If you can’t quit smoking on your own, there are many resources available to help you, including counseling and medications. In addition to quitting smoking, you can also take medications to help relieve your symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. These include bronchodilators, which open up the airways, and inhaled steroids, which reduce inflammation. You may also need to take oxygen therapy if your COPD is severe. Pulmonary rehabilitation is another treatment option for COPD. This is a program that helps you learn how to exercise and breathe more effectively. It also provides support and education about COPD. SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING NURSING NR 601

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