paraphrase this… Participants were followed from their 14th birthday or

How It Is Used The PHQ-9 is typically provided to patients in a primary care or mental health setting, where they complete the questionnaire either on paper or electronically. Each of the nine questions is scored from 0 (“not at all”) to 3 (“nearly every day”), reflecting the frequency of the symptoms over the past two weeks. The total score can range from 0 to 27. For What Diagnosis The primary diagnosis targeted by the PHQ-9 is major depressive disorder (MDD). The tool’s questions are designed to assess key symptoms of depression, including anhedonia, feelings of hopelessness, fatigue, appetite changes, sleep disturbances, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Discussion of Interpretation of Scoring for the Tool Scoring 0-4: Minimal or no depression 5-9: Mild depression 10-14: Moderate depression 15-19: Moderately severe depression 20-27: Severe depression A score of 10 or above is typically considered a threshold for a clinical diagnosis of depression, warranting further evaluation and potentially treatment. However, clinical judgment is crucial, as even lower scores may indicate significant distress or functional impairment, especially if the patient reports suicidal thoughts. Interpretation Interpreting the PHQ-9 involves considering the total score, individual item responses, and clinical context. For example, a high score on the question related to suicidal ideation (question 9) might necessitate immediate intervention regardless of the total score. The tool’s abili

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