Please formulate a response to this discussion

Please formulate a response to this discussion with an explanation. Please provide a reference related to this topic that is within the last 5 years. Discuss what was missing, type of data, cases, variables, and how much. 73% of participants finished all four intervention sessions. 80% of participants completed the first session which taught risk factors for cancer/CVD or CVD only. Only 46% of participants were retained at follow-up because there was less incentive for this session. From those participants lost in the follow-up portion, 10 withdrew from the study and 10 participants declined (Halbert, 2017). What was the pattern of missingness if any? Researchers found that participants with less socioeconomic resources and younger participants were less likely to be retained for follow-up sessions. This would make the pattern of missingness non-random. However, the follow-up retention rate was not affected by whether or not participants were in the INT or DSE groups. Also, there was no difference found in completing the four session completion based on socioeconomic status (Halbert, 2017). What strategy was used to address the missing data? Was it appropriate, and did the researchers explain why this method was used, if not, why do you think researchers used it? Participants who did not finish all intervention sessions, follow-up was done one month since the last intervention that was scheduled to be finished. The intent-to-treat analysis strategy used includes all participants regardless of finishing the full study. For participants with no data available at follow-up, they assumed no change from base. I don’t think it was appropriate because the lack of participation that was indicated as “no change” might make educational interventions seem less effective for physical activity and food and vegetable intake than if the researchers used their completed data (Halbert, 2017). Do you have any concerns with the results given the missing data, how it was reported and addressed? Explain. Personally, I don’t think information sessions would hurt an individual so the missing data might have inhibited finding significance in effectiveness of the information sessions on participants’ health factors. Throughout the whole study, researchers were clear that they used the intent-to-treat analysis strategy. However, if a majority of people did not finish the full course of the study, then I wonder how accurate the results really are if they are included in the final results (Halbert, 2017). What is the Intent to-treat analysis? Why is this approach used? Intent to treat analysis often used in studies where noncompliance and missing outcomes are an issue (Gupta, 2011). It includes all participants regardless if they finished the whole study. In this case, only 46% of participants finished all four sessions and the follow-up. Since most of the sample from this study was unemployed and low-income, retention rate were low and researchers had to use whatever data they were able to gather. The researchers of this study also mentioned that they spent their funding on incentivizing the sessions themselves and not the follow-ups (Halbert, 2017). Gupta S. K. (2011, July). Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspectives in clinical research, 2(3), 109-112. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159210/ Halbert, C. H., Bellamy, S., Briggs, V., Delmoor, E., Purnell, J., Rogers, R., Weathers, B., & Johnson, J. C. (2017, March 18). A comparative effectiveness education trial for lifestyle health behavior change in African Americans. Health education research, 32(3), 207-218. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyx039 SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING BIOL 32000

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