Policies are critical in shaping population outcomes, promoting social justice,

Policies are critical in shaping population outcomes, promoting social justice, and advancing health equity. Local governments often target populations that are disadvantaged or face significant social determinants of health, such as inadequate housing and unemployment (Scultz, et al., 2023). By tackling systemic inequalities and reallocating resources, policies can greatly enhance the overall well-being of various groups. For instance, health policies designed to broaden access to healthcare services can lead to improved health outcomes and diminish disparities within marginalized communities. One example of a policy that serves target populations is the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obama Care, in the United States. This health reform was enacted in 2010 and aimed to increase access to health insurance, primarily for low-income individuals and those with pre-existing conditions. The ACA expanded Medicaid eligibility, established health insurance exchanges, and mandated that all Americans obtain health insurance or face a penalty (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2020). These provisions were designed to address health inequities by providing broader coverage and reducing the financial barriers to obtaining healthcare.

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