Read the Article below and answer the question after the

Read the Article below and answer the question after the reading Section 2: Method and Design This project aims to outline strategies and interventions that can be employed to address the demand for mental health services in Kenya, with a specific focus on mitigating the issues of insufficient funding and barriers to access to mental health services (Ogutu, 2018). The project aims to review the existing literature review, survey, and data collection from the government archives (Ogutu, 2018). It is vital to note that this project will also seek to identify strategies to improve access to mental health services within marginalized parts of the country with significantly lower rates of patients diagnosed with mental health disorders. The literature search will include keywords such as mental health funding, “healthcare administrator”, “mental health barriers”, “mental health”. “demand for mental health service”, “resource allocation”, “mental health system”, “mental illness”, “mental health action plan”, “mental health policy”, “mental health stigma”, and “access to mental health services”, “mental health care”, “mental health in Kenya”, “mental health resources”, “Mental disorders” “Psychiatric care” “Psychological well-being” “Mental health prevalence” “Policy formulation” “Policy implementation” “Policy evaluation” “Stakeholder analysis” “mental health challenges”, and “mental health needs “Mental health investment case” (Ndetei et al., 2018). PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar were the search engines used to go through the databases. In addition, appropriate professional resources, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Kenya, were used (National Institute of Mental Health, 2021). Methodology and Design in Alignment with the Problem and Purpose Statement Step 1 Define Inclusion The traits or attributes that a research or source must have in order to be included in the literature review (Ndetei et al., 2018). These attributes guarantee that the research under consideration is relevant to the review’s topic and breadth. In the context of the presented literature evaluation, the following inclusion criteria will apply: Location of studies-focus in Kenya and other relevant publications to guarantee that the research is appropriate to the specific setting under study. Studies on mental health, mental health services, mental health policy or similar topics to keep the review thematically relevant(Ndetei et al., 2018) Mental health facilities that are publicly and privately funded. Language-This criterion may be established for accessibility and linguistic consistency in studies published in English. Time -studies published within the time frame from 2013-2023 to guarantee that the review is up to date. To give a complete knowledge of the problem, studies from diverse disciplines such as psychology, public health policy, sociology, anthropology, and medicine are used (Ndetei et al., 2018). Exclusion: These are qualities that would result in research being rejected or excluded from inclusion in the literature review (Ndetei et al., 2018). These criteria are used to exclude research that does not match the standards. Studies that are not related to Mental health services or strategies in Kenya (Gizaw et al., 2022). Studies with inadequate sample sizes or methodological rigor. Studies or information regarding mental health with no relevant verifiable sources e.g., from Facebook, Twitter or any other social media platforms. Studies that are outdated, not between the years of 2013-2023 of publication, and or not relevant to the current context of mental health services in Kenya Study Design: It’s important to consider the specific objectives of the study, the available resources, and the desired outcomes. Even though there are various alternatives for this project, Mixed-Method Design is best suited due to its flexibility and comprehensiveness in nature (Ochieng& Ouma, 2022). This design combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. For instance, while the quantitative aspect might involve analyzing the frequency of certain themes in policy documents, the qualitative aspect might involve interviews with policymakers, stakeholders, and experts to understand the rationale behind certain policy decisions (Kiprop & Otieno, 2021). Relevance to Research Questions This criterion ensures that the included studies directly address the research questions and objectives of the systematic review. By selecting studies relevant to the project’s focus on strategies to improve mental health services in Kenya, the review can provide valuable insights and solutions to address the identified challenges in mental health care. Studies that evaluate the impact of existing mental health policies and legislation on access to services in Kenya (Ruggiano& Perry, 2019). Studies that examine funding mechanisms and policies associated with mental health services in Kenya. Studies that explore successful models or approaches used in other countries to prioritize mental health in Kenya. Studies investigating the primary obstacles preventing people from gaining access to mental health services in Kenya (Ruggiano& Perry, 2019). Population Focusing on studies conducted in Kenya or those directly relevant to mental health services in Kenya is vital. Those studies specifically involving the Kenyan population or specific subgroups within Kenya are crucial to ensure the findings are applicable to the country’s context. Mental health services can vary depending on cultural, social, and economic factors, and including studies specific to Kenya ensures that the evidence is relevant and applicable to the project’s target area (Gizaw, 2022). Language and Publication Status Limiting the inclusion to studies published in English and peer-reviewed journals or reputable sources ensure the quality and reliability of the evidence. Peer-reviewed studies undergo rigorous evaluation by experts in the field, enhancing the credibility of the findings. Restricting the language to English allows the researchers to access and understand the literature, considering language barriers (Schoch, 2020). Time Frame Setting a specific time frame for the included studies (2013-2023) ensures that the review focuses on recent research. As the field of mental health is constantly evolving, studies published within a defined time frame ensure that the evidence is up-to-date and reflects current practices and developments (Manu &Akotia, 2021). Study Title Study Design Participants Interventions/Findings Funding Challenges Identified columns Access Barriers Identified Mental health in Kenya: A neglected priority in health. The Lancet Psychiatry (Ogutu, 2018). Qualitative Mental health experts Health administrators are responsible for ensuring that individuals have access to appropriate health care services by doing the following. Policy advocacy for equitable funding and resource allocation (Ogutu, 2018). The need to allocate resources to mental health services. Lack of equitable resources distribution in rural areas. The need to develop effective mental health policies and programs. The need to address the stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness (MOH, 2019) Geographic distance, stigma, limited professionals’ availability (Ogutu, 2018). Political barriers Mental health service delivery in a low-resource setting: Perspectives of health providers in rural Kenya. BMC Health Services Research (Gachuhi et al., 2019). Quantitative General population, mental health professionals Legislation for mental health awareness campaigns and community engagement Unequal financial resource distribution, lack of mental health literacy and advocacy and advocacy initiatives (Gachuhi et al., 2019). Limited access in rural areas, stigma, cultural beliefs (Ogutu, 2018). Mental health in East Africa: In the footsteps of policy. African Journal of Psychiatry (Karanja, 2017). Literature Review Mental health policymakers, government officials Advocacy for increased budget allocation, policy analysis, and development Collaborations with local organizations, use of technology for education (Karanja, 2017 ). Political interference, lack of resources for mental health, corruption in resource distribution Limited mental health infrastructure, inadequate training of providers, lack of awareness among communities (Ndetei et al., 2019) Discipline-specific competencies of health care administrators; a study on nurses’ opinions. Nursing and Midwifery Studies (Ayazi et al., 2016). Qualitative Mental health administrators, policymakers Integration of mental health services into existing healthcare system (Ayazi, 2016). Insufficient funding for mental health initiatives, and lack of financial support for mental health services (Ayazi, 2016). Limited access to technology, inadequate coverage by insurance, and cultural barriers (Karanja, 2017 ). Kenya second Mental Health and Substance Abuse Policy (2016-2030). Nairobi, Kenya:(universalhealth2030.org)Government Printer (Ministry of Health, Kenya, 2018). Literature Review Mental health policymakers, Government officials, mental health professionals Advocacy for increased budget allocation, policy analysis, and development Collaborations with local organizations, use of technology for education (MOH, 2018). Limited budget allocation, lack of funding for mental health services, and lack of coordination between different healthcare sectors (MOH, 2018). Inadequate infrastructure for mental health services in rural areas, stigma, lack of trained professionals Step 2 Search Strategy A Conduct comprehensive searches in databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar (Gizaw et al., 2022). B Use keywords related to. mental health funding, “healthcare administrator”, “mental health barriers”, “mental health”. “demand for mental health service”, “resource allocation”, “mental health system”, “mental illness”, “mental health action plan”, “mental health policy”, “mental health stigma”, and “access to mental health services”, “mental health care”, “mental health in Kenya”, “mental health resources”, “Mental disorders” “Psychiatric care” “Psychological well-being” “Mental health prevalence” “Policy formulation” “Policy implementation” “Policy evaluation” “Stakeholder analysis” “mental health challenges”, and “mental health needs “Mental health investment case” (Ndetei et al., 2018). C Utilize Boolean operators (AND, OR) to refine the search and identify relevant articles (Gizaw, 2022). Step 3 Register Protocol a Register the systematic review protocol with PROSPERO or other appropriate review databases. b Ensure transparency and prevent duplication of efforts. Step 4 Manage Search Results a Import search results into reference management software for organization and duplicate removal. b Screen titles and abstracts for relevance, and potentially relevant articles undergo full-text review. Step 5 Select Studies Based on Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria A Two independent reviewers assess full-text articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Gizaw et al., 2022). B Discrepancies resolved through discussion, and involvement of a third reviewer if needed. Research Methodology and Design Appropriateness The secondary research methodology and systematic review design are appropriate for this project for several reasons: Existing data availability: Using existing data rather than undertaking primary research is more practical and efficient for an applied project. Secondary research enables a thorough examination of the literature and reports on the demand for mental health care in Kenya that are already available (Ogutu, 2018). Scope and breadth: The project’s scope and extent are intended to holistically address Kenya’s need for mental health care (Ogutu, 2018). A thorough overview of the subject can be provided by completing a systematic review, which analyzes various sources, including academic publications, government reports, policies, and other pertinent documents. Time and resource limitations: Secondary research often uses fewer resources and takes less time than original research. A realistic and effective strategy is to use current data through a systematic assessment given an applied project’s constrained time and resources. Alternative Methodologies and Designs: Alternative approaches, such as surveys or interviews, require gathering primary data, which may not be possible or suitable for this applied project given the logistical, financial, and time restrictions. Primary research also calls for additional clearances and ethical deliberations. Consequently, a secondary research strategy using a systematic review design is better suited for this project. Population and Sample: Population: The entire nation of Kenya is included in the project’s population. The approximate population figure is 50 million individuals (Gachuhi et al., 2019). People seeking mental health treatments, healthcare administrators, policymakers, government representatives, and stakeholders involved in mental health policy and service delivery in Kenya are relevant demographics of the population. Appropriateness: Considering the project challenge, purpose, and research questions, the population is suitable. Understanding the traits and requirements of the population is crucial for creating practical solutions, as the project intends to identify methods and initiatives to address the demand for mental health care in Kenya. Sample: Since data is gathered from already-existing sources in secondary research projects, a sample is not obtained in the conventional sense. Instead, the systematic review approach focuses on locating and deciding whether reports, guidelines, and other materials are pertinent and match established inclusion criteria. These chosen sources will make up the sample for the analysis. Sampling Guidelines: The systematic review methodology’s sampling guidelines call for creating explicit inclusion and exclusion standards for choosing relevant sources (Gachuhi et al., 2019). These requirements could include publication date, applicability to the project’s problem and research questions, methodological rigor, and the caliber of the supporting data. The systematic review procedure guarantees an organized, transparent method for choosing literature and reduces prejudice. Performance Measurements and Metrics Metrics for Monitoring Development and Process: Allocation of Funds Metrics: Monitor how money is being allocated. To guarantee fair distribution and spot inequalities, mental health care should be provided throughout counties (Ogutu, 2018). Healthcare Workforce Metrics: Track the quantity of licensed, certified, and working mental health practitioners with an emphasis on rural placements (Marangu et al., 2016). Metrics for Policy Evaluation: Evaluate how current policies affect mental health treatment availability and quality (Ministry of Health Kenya, 2015). Metrics for Community Engagement: Track how the community creates and delivers mental health services (Ayazi et al., 2016). Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are metrics used to measure performance. The Equity Index is a metric used to assess how reasonably mental health resources are distributed among counties (Ogutu, 2018). Professional Retention Rate: Monitor the percentage of mental health practitioners who remain in rural areas (Marangu et al., 2016). Policy Effectiveness Score: Determine how healthy policies are working to improve mental health treatment access (Ministry of Health Kenya, 2015). Community Participation Rate: Evaluate how much the community is involved in programs related to mental health services (Ayazi et al., 2016). Alignment with Problem and Purpose Statements: Addressing financing scarcity, provider shortage, and uneven resource distribution directly aligns with these measurements and KPIs. They ensure staff retention, analyze the impact of policies, monitor budget allocation equity, and emphasize community participation, directly bolstering the goals outlined in the purpose statement (Ogutu, 2018). Justification: Choosing the right metrics and performance assessments is essential to assess how well the highlighted issues are being addressed and how much progress has been made. They align with the project’s goal to improve access to and financing of mental health care in Kenya. These indicators thoroughly assess the project’s advancement toward its objectives by evaluating financial distribution, personnel retention, policy effect, and community participation. They ensure that the project stays focused on reducing the difficulties and bringing about long-lasting change in Kenya’s mental health environment by reflecting the essential elements of the problem statement and purpose (Ayazi et al., 2016). Participant Recruitment and Data Collection: Participants cannot be recruited, or data collected in the same manner as in primary research for a secondary research project. Instead, information is gathered from already-existing sources, including reports, publications, policies, and other pertinent papers from the National Archives. The study process does not directly include participants. In order to gather data, information must be accessed and extracted from the indicated sources per the predetermined inclusion criteria (Gachuhi et al., 2019). It is vital to note that including detailed information on the sources used in the documentation, such as the publication’s title, authors, year, and any pertinent findings or extrapolated information, is vital in this project. It is essential to note that the search technique used to locate the literature should be fully described by the author of this project in order to ensure replication. This includes the databases or sources looked up, the search words used, and any limitations (such as language or publication date) that were imposed. Considering this applied project’s topic, aim, and research questions, the secondary research approach with a systematic review design is appropriate. Assumptions An assumption refers to a conjecture or a declaration of conviction accepted as accurate without further examination within the discourse context. A supposed factual assertion that serves as a basis for concluding. In the context of this project, several assumptions are being made to establish a foundation for developing the proposed objectives and methods. The initial assumption posits that the government of Kenya demonstrates a willingness to allocate resources and undertake the execution of mental health programs as a matter of priority (Gachuhi et al., 2019). As mentioned, the assertion is grounded in recognizing that Kenya has made explicit pledges to enhance the availability of mental health services and comprehensive provision, as outlined in its National Mental Health Policy (Ministry of Health Kenya, 2018). The strategy mentioned above shows Kenya’s dedication to augmenting resources and enhancing the availability of mental health treatments. Furthermore, it is presupposed that ample data exists to comprehensively evaluate the state of mental health services in Kenya and their corresponding impact. As mentioned earlier, the proposition is grounded in the existing body of evidence that has been gathered thus far, alongside the anticipation that additional data collection and analysis can yield a more thorough understanding of the diverse determinants that impact the availability of mental health care in Kenya (Gachuhi et al., 2019). After that, this data analysis can serve as a basis for informing policy formulation and decision-making processes about the accessibility of mental health services in Kenya (Ogutu, 2018). Thirdly, an assumption is made regarding the existence of a collective comprehension among stakeholders in Kenya regarding the significance of mental health care. This assumption is predicated on prior assertions by governmental and non-governmental entities in Kenya, which indicate a mutual acknowledgment of the necessity for enhanced availability of mental health treatments. Additionally, it has been observed that there is a deficiency in implementing a comprehensive mental health approach that integrates mental health care into the broader healthcare framework (Ministry of Health Kenya, 2018). This statement implies that there is a recognition among stakeholders and policymakers in Kenya of the significance of enhancing the availability of mental health care. Furthermore, it is postulated that the policymakers in Kenya will exhibit a willingness to execute the methods put forth by this project effectively. This assumption is predicated on the project’s objective of generating evidence-based plans and recommendations firmly rooted in contemporary research and feasible to execute. There is an expectation that stakeholders and politicians will demonstrate a willingness to evaluate the submissions and support their implementation. Finally, the suggested techniques and initiatives will ultimately result in enhanced availability and quality of mental health care in Kenya. This assertion is predicated on the notion that executing the suggested recommendations will eventually result in enhanced availability of mental health services and improved mental health outcomes in Kenya (Karanja, 2017). Limitations One of this project’s main constraints is the limited accessibility of data and empirical evidence concerning mental health in Kenya. Although evidence indicates a necessity for enhanced accessibility to mental health treatments in Kenya, the existing state of affairs remains inadequately evaluated due to a scarcity of quantitative data. Moreover, a need for more contemporary scholarly investigations exists about the multifaceted determinants that impact the availability of healthcare services, impeding the ability to ascertain the extent and characteristics of this issue(Kocbach& Pallesen, 2015). The constraint mentioned above could affect the precision of the advice and tactics put forth by this research. Another limitation pertains to the execution of the suggested strategies. This study aims to identify and recommend measures to enhance the accessibility of mental health care services in Kenya. Nevertheless, the implementation of these plans by government agencies and their acceptance by stakeholders cannot be guaranteed. The execution of the suggested proposals falls beyond the purview of this project (MOH, 2018). Furthermore, it should be noted that this project has limitations in terms of its scope. The analysis solely evaluates the present condition of mental health care in Kenya without delving into a comprehensive examination of the socio-economic and political elements that could impact the accessibility and utilization of mental health services inside the nation. This project’s research techniques are constrained by its emphasis on literature reviews and secondary data analysis. Therefore, the conclusions drawn from this study may not accurately represent the actual experiences of individuals with mental health issues in Kenya. Delimitations The delimitations of this project pertain to the project’s scope. This study focuses exclusively on assessing mental health funding and accessibility within the context of Kenya. Moreover, this study’s primary objective is to provide evidence-based solutions and recommendations aimed at enhancing the accessibility of mental health care in the context of Kenya(MOH, 2018). The primary aim of this project revolves around something other than the assessment and execution of those tactics. Furthermore, this project’s scope is limited to examining the government’s role in enhancing accessibility to mental health treatments. The current discourse fails to acknowledge the significance of non-governmental groups and private entities in improving the accessibility of mental health care. This study’s scope is restricted to analyzing the present circumstances and formulating policy suggestions to enhance accessibility (Ogutu, 2018). Therefore, the guidelines mentioned above fail to consider the potential consequences for individuals in Kenya with mental health requirements. In conclusion, this research presents proposals aimed at enhancing the accessibility of mental health treatments in Kenya. However, it refrains from making any presumptions regarding the acceptability and viability of these proposed techniques. The assurance of the effectiveness of the suggested advice and tactics cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, the project fails to consider the regional disparities in the availability of mental health services and the consequent effects on that requiring mental health support. Conclusion: Due to the project’s scope and goals, as well as the accessible sources of information and the limitations of people, time, and financial resources, the conclusion is that secondary research using a systematic review technique is the methodology that is the best fit for this applied project. In addition, the methodological approach used includes specific criteria for identifying relevant literature and data extraction and assessment methods that assure the findings’ trustworthiness (Fisch & Block, 2018). The project is required to give an insight into Kenya’s demand for mental health treatment and to suggest new or modified methods for improving access and finance. This will be accomplished via the inclusion of data from sources that have already been established in the systematic review. The systematic review methodology ensures a comprehensive and objective analysis of the evidence on mental health services in Kenya. By applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessing study quality, the review will provide evidence-based recommendations to improve access to mental health services in Kenya and reduce barriers. The findings will be valuable for policymakers, health administrators, and stakeholders to enhance mental health services in the country (Gizaw et al., 2022). Ethical Assurance. This project goes on a path that intertwines ethical considerations and the crucial function of the scholar-practitioner to address the growing need for mental health care in Kenya. The goal of this endeavor is to provide a solution to the problem. Concerns about mental health have captured people’s attention worldwide, and Kenya is no different. Despite the prevalence of mental illness and the damage it causes to individuals, families, communities, and the economy, mental health services in Kenya are frequently underfunded, inaccessible, and inadequate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), less than 10% of people in low- and middle-income countries, such as Kenya, have access to mental health treatments (Ndetei et al., 2018). Review and Approval of Ethical Considerations It is essential to note that adhering to ethical standards is vital for preserving the participants’ legal and physical liberties and maintaining their health. It is vital to note that this project has been approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the National University. Therefore, secondary data collection is permitted per the IRB’s guidelines. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is responsible for analyzing the technique of the project, as well as the ethical concerns involved, and the potential risks and benefits associated with the research. Per the IRB approval guidelines, this applied project will remain dedicated to following ethical standards and safeguarding the rights of participants. It is crucial to note that only some individual participants will be involved since this project will solely rely on secondary data, which will not necessarily need access to individual participants. Minimal Possibility of Harm and Ethical Problems Based on the research methodology described in this project, the risk to participants is minimal since the research relies on secondary data. There are no direct interactions with human participants, making the ethical considerations less complex than primary research (National Institute of Mental Health, 2021). This study relies so heavily on secondary sources of information that it does not include the participation of human test subjects. Conventional research involving human subjects places a premium on ethical considerations such as informed permission, potential harm, and privacy concerns. On the other hand, these concerns are irrelevant in this setting because secondary data are derived from pre-existing material that has already been stripped of identifying details and made anonymous (NIMH. 2021). Both confidentiality and anonymity are guaranteed. Upholding confidentiality and anonymity throughout the study process is essential to ethical conduct. Because this project only uses secondary data obtained from accessible sources to the public, the identities of individuals are automatically concealed (Ogutu, 2018). Before being incorporated into the previously published work, the data used were subjected to procedures that removed any personally identifying information from them. Because of the intrinsic nature of secondary data, the project does not require specific informed consent or methods to protect confidentiality. It is vital to note that while many sources are publicly available, precautions will be taken to avoid inadvertently sharing any private or restricted data. This means not disclosing specific data collection sites or details that may compromise the identity of the data source (Ogutu, 2018). Safe places to store information. Even though the project will use secondary data, strict security procedures will be adhered to whenever this data is handled or stored to prevent unwanted access. The digital information will be saved on devices that require a password to access, and an extra layer of security will be added by encrypting the data stored on cloud-based storage platforms. If there are any physical records, they will be safely held in cabinets with locks in locations under strict control. This data storage method satisfies the IRB standards and safeguards the confidentiality and authenticity of the material gathered (Gachuhi et al., 2019). The Role of the Scholar-Practitioner The scholar-practitioner plays an essential role in this project as a primary investigator. The scholar does an in-depth analysis of the existing body of literature, determining where there are holes/gaps in the research and putting forward potential solutions to meet the growing need for mental health services in Kenya. While this position brings extensive knowledge to the table, it is crucial to acknowledge any biases or personal experiences that might influence the interpretation of the findings. The practitioner’s exposure to Kenyan mental health literature and their personal and professional experiences may introduce subconscious biases. However, strict adherence to the research methodology and regular peer reviews will help mitigate such influences (Karanja, 2017). Project Summary Other pressing health concerns often overshadow mental health services, especially in countries like Kenya. The primary goal of this project is to address the critical need for mental health services in Kenya by conducting an exhaustive study of the relevant literature and examining the already available data. The primary focus is identifying obstacles to access and funding issues in efficient service delivery across the country’s mental health field. The study will analyze existing reports, research papers, and publications using a literature review methodology. This will allow for a holistic understanding of the barriers to mental health care, such as funding constraints, accessibility issues, and infrastructural deficits (Ogutu, 2018). The project aims to design strategies that will improve the accessibility of mental health services and equitable allocation of resources. This will be accomplished by analyzing secondary data and understanding the unique challenges and barriers in the Kenyan mental healthcare system. The project hopes to provide actionable insights for health administrators, policymakers, and other stakeholders through engagem

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