Read the following article. Briefly write how

Read the following article. Briefly write how the data collected from the health care environment are interpreted and collected. Abstract The Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) is a passive surveillance system that collects information on communicable diseases. The Australian Government manages NNDSS under the auspices of the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA). Data collected by each state and territory are collated, analysed and disseminated by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. We report the first evaluation of NNDSS since it was established in 1991. Three primary stakeholder groups were surveyed: (a) CDNA members, (b) the National Surveillance Committee and (c) the readership of Communicable Diseases Intelligence, the primary means of data dissemination from NNDSS. The evaluation revealed that the system was acceptable, structurally simple, and that the data collected were actively used by stakeholders. However, the lack of clearly documented aims and objectives for NNDSS, inflexibility to changing needs, lack of timeliness and complexity in processes were seen as problematic. The results of this evaluation, supported by recent federal funding to enhance national biosecurity, will provide the framework for enhancing NNDSS to meet national communicable disease surveillance requirements in Australia. Commun Dis Intell 2004;28:311-323. Top of page Introduction Evaluation is an important part of communicable disease surveillance. Systematic and objective evaluation of surveillance determines the relevance, effectiveness and impact of such systems. History of national surveillance in Australia The occurrence of disease and death in Australia has been recorded since settlement in 1788. Each colony recorded information on an ad hoc basis1 on the main diseases affecting the population. The Quarantine Act, 1832 of New South Wales was the first legislation relating to public health and was the first to introduce mandatory notification of diseases to local health authorities in Australia. Over time, the actions of New South Wales prompted other colonies to establish their own legislation for communicable disease control and reporting.1 In 1901, the colonies of Australia joined together to form a federation, which lead to the creation of the Commonwealth Government. The new Commonwealth Constitution protected the powers and the interests of the states in relation to public health. However, the Commonwealth was given powers of quarantine for specified communicable diseases under the Quarantine Act, 1908. The Quarantine Act remains the sole legislative authority the Commonwealth has in relation to communicable diseases, to this day. From 1917 to 1922, national data on notifiable diseases provided by the states and territories were published in the Medical Journal of Australia. From 1924 onwards, the Commonwealth Department of Health has published aggregated national data in various government publications.2 In the mid 1980s, as the AIDS epidemic unfolded, the need for national surveillance was highlighted. The Communicable Diseases Network Australia New Zealand (CDNANZ) was formed in 1987, to enhance national surveillance and communicable disease collaborations. CDNANZ later became the Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA), reporting to the National Public Health Partnership whose members are state and territory Chief Health Officers. In 1988, a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Workshop on National Disease Surveillance recommended that a Working Party be formed to establish a nationally consistent cooperative approach to surveillance.3 The main issues considered by the Working Party were the list of communicable diseases to be nationally notifiable, the construction of an inventory of existing communicable disease surveillance activities in Australia, a uniform approach to a national surveillance network and uniform basic data requirements for a surveillance database. By 1991, the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) was established. Data on the agreed list of nationally notifiable diseases were sent via diskette or paper from the states and territories to the Commonwealth. Officers in the Commonwealth health department, now the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA), would collate the data and publish surveillance summaries in the fortnightly publication Communicable Diseases Intelligence (CDI). In 1996, the National Communicable Diseases Surveillance Strategy was released on behalf of the Chief Health Officers of Australia. The Strategy aimed to improve communicable disease surveillance and to provide comprehensive epidemiological data on which to base risk management decisions and public health policy. The Strategy recommended that NNDSS be improved by review of data quality, timely reporting, regular review of the diseases to be notified and case definitions, and expansion of the minimum dataset for specific conditions.4 The recommendation was adopted by both the Commonwealth department of health and CDNA. The NNDSS database has been undergoing re-development since 2000. A new information technology platform has been created to automate the transmission of notification data from jurisdictions to the Commonwealth, new data fields were added to the minimum dataset and the case definitions have been under review since 2001. Throughout the development of NNDSS, the overall system has never been formally evaluated. SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING HLT54115 DIPLOMA OF NURSING HLTENN041

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