Reflect on the historic events since World War II (WWII), after 1945, that have influenced

Reflect on the historic events since World War II (WWII), after 1945, that have influenced the evolution of the U.S. healthcare system. Then, select three such historic events and explain the impact they had on the evolution of the U.S. healthcare system. Finally, using learning resources from this Competency and research from the Walden Library, explain three key historic events since WWII (after 1945) and the impact those events have had on the evolution of the healthcare system. Provide ONE topic per paragraph (3 separate paragraphs). Part 2: Comparison of Healthcare Systems in Different Countries Consider the similarities and differences of the healthcare systems among the U.S., Germany, and Canada. a table that presents the similarities and differences of the healthcare systems among the U.S., Germany, and Canada. Be sure to cite scholarly sources used to inform the content of the table. Pertinent information for your table should include: Total population Gross national income per capita Life expectancy at birth for males and females Total expenditure on health per capita Total gross domestic product percentage (GDP %) expenditure on health summarize any insights you gained from analyzing the differences among the three countries. Part 3: The Complexities of the U.S. Private Insurance System Reflect on the important historic factors that led to the development of the private health insurance industry. Next, think about the current regulations that govern private health insurance and how those impact the delivery of health services. Briefly outline the history of the insurance system and current regulations. Describe one important historic factor that led to the development of the private health insurance industry. Describe one current regulation that govern private health insurance (e.g, COBRA, HIPPA, EMTALA). (1- 2 paragraphs). Part 4: Medicare and Medicaid During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the groundwork for Medicare and Medicaid began. In 1965, during the Johnson administration, Congress passed amendments to the Social Security Act and created the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Since 1965, there have been many additions and changes to the programs. Based on the learning resources in this Competency and your research from the Walden Library, complete the Medicare/Medicaid Comparison chart with the key provisions, participant eligibility, and the enactment date for the following programs: Medicare A Medicare B Medicare C Medicare D Medicaid Part 5: Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act The passage of the Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act (PPACA) has many different components that impact healthcare services by expanding access, lowering costs, and improving quality. Based on the learning resources in this Competency and your research from the Walden Library, address the following: Describe each of the following concepts that evolved from the PPACA: Elimination of Pre-existing Conditions (1 -2 paragraphs) Patient-Centered Medical Home Model (PCMH) (1 -2 paragraphs) Accountable Care Organization (ACO) (1 – 2 paragraphs) Prevention and Wellness (two programs) (1 -2 paragraphs) Use the following scholarly resources below: Medicare.gov – Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare Provides Medicare Parts A, B, C, and D details, including coverage, eligibility, and costs. Website: https://www.medicare.gov Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) The federal agency overseeing Medicare and Medicaid programs. It offers policy updates, eligibility guidelines, and enrollment details. Website: https://www.cms.gov Social Security Administration (SSA) Provides information on eligibility for Medicare (based on Social Security benefits) and Medicaid. Website: https://www.ssa.gov Committee on Quality of Health Care in America & Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality Chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. In Crossing the Quality Chasm. National Academy Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10027 (Committee on Quality of Health Care in America & Institute of Medicine, 2001) NHE Fact Sheet | CMS. (2023). https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/national-health-expenditure-data/nhe-fact-sheet (NHE Fact Sheet | CMS, 2023) Busse R, Blümel M. Germany: Health system review. Health Syst Transit. 2014;16(2):1-296, xxi. PMID: 25115137. Blumel, M. (2020).Germany. The Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/germany Blumel, M. (2020) The Commonwealth Fund. International Health Care System. Profiles: Germany. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/germany Pre-Existing Conditions | HHS.gov | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality https://www.ahrq.gov/ https://kffhealthnews.org/news/aco-accountable-care-organization-faq/ VitalSource Bookshelf: Delivering Health Care in America American Healthcare System Overview: Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. National Academy Press. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2023). National Health Expenditure Data. German Healthcare System: Busse, R., & Blümel, M. (2014). Germany: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 16(2), 1-296. Blumel, M. (2020) The Commonwealth Fund. International Health Care System. Profiles: Germany. Marchildon, G. P. (2013). Canada: Health system review. Health Systems in Transition, 15(1), 1-179. Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2023). Health Spending. Medicare.gov – The Official U.S. Government Site for Medicare This site provides details on Medicare Parts A, B, C, and D, including information on coverage, eligibility, and costs. Website: https://www.medicare.gov Canadian Healthcare System: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) CMS is the federal agency responsible for overseeing Medicare and Medicaid programs. It offers policy updates, eligibility guidelines, and enrollment details. Website: https://www.cms.gov Social Security Administration (SSA) The SSA provides information on eligibility for Medicare based on Social Security benefits and information about Medicaid. Website: https://www.ssa.gov . Elimination of Pre-existing Conditions • Resource: “The Affordable Care Act and Preexisting Conditions” – National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) • Resource: “Preexisting Condition Exclusions: A Historical Perspective” – Health Affairs Journal 2. Patient-Centered Medical Home Model (PCMH) • Resource: “Patient-Centered Medical Home: A Systematic Review- Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine • Resource: “What is a Patient-Centered Medical Home?” – Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 3. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) • Resource: “Accountable Care Organizations: A New Model for Improving Care” – Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) • Resource: “The Role of ACOs in Health Care Reform” – Health Affairs Journal 4. Prevention and Wellness Programs • Resource: “The Role of Prevention in Health Care Reform” – American Public Health Association (APHA) • Resource: “Wellness Programs: A Guide to Best Practices” – Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) 5. Additional Programs Focused on Prevention and Wellness • Resource: “Community Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations” – The Community Guide • Resource: “The Importance of Preventive Health Services” – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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