Respond to two post. Please be sure to validate your

Respond to two post. Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references (APA). POST 1 Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Identification When we think of trauma to the skin, often we think of types of injuries to the body – lacerations, abrasions, puncture wounds, avulsions, and crushing injuries – which are the primary mechanisms for disease. With the integumentary system, some of the most common types of traumas are burns and decubitus ulcers. Pigmentation disorders, such as vitiligo and albinism, cause changes in our bodies natural pigmentation and can affect both physical appearance and function of the integumentary system. Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Causes Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are types of integumentary injuries that are due to the pressure on the skin from a long time, typically by remaining immobile in a bed for hours or days (Mayo Clinic, 2024b). Burns, while can obviously be caused by exposure to high heat sources and hot water, known as thermal burns, can also occur from radiation exposure, chemical exposure, and electrical exposure, with their classification typically being specified based on the layer of dermis the burn has affected – first degree burns being the outermost layers, second degree burns from the mid-layers, and third degree burns including damage to the deepest layer of skin tissue, and possibly deeper, depending on the level of trauma (Stanford Health Care, 2017a). While these can be easy to determine the pathology of the diseases and damage, pigmentation disorders, such as vitiligo and albinism, occur through genetic factors – though it is still unsure what triggers the autoimmune response the body has in vitiligo which targets and destroys melanocytes (Gatta et al., 2024). Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Diagnostic Tools With integumentary trauma, a healthcare professional can typically access the skin closely and determine the severity of the trauma, in order to proceed with appropriate care (Mayo Clinic, 2024a). This is similarly the case with pigmentation disorders, however, albinism and vitiligo typically will cause the provider to order more tests, to screen for other autoimmune disease and complications associated with each disorder, such as UV sensitivity (Gatta et al., 2024). Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Associated Signs and Symptoms People with severe integumentary trauma, such as a burn, can leave a victim with a loss of certain physical abilities, disfigurement, loss of a limb, loss of mobility, scarring, and infection, with possible system-wide damage, depending on the extent of damage, as well as psychological and emotional problems that can develop (Stanford Health Care, 2017b). Bedsores, if left untreated, can also cause severe damage to the patient, as previously mentioned. There will typically be a site of infection that has a change in skin color or texture, swelling, pus accumulation, and soreness (Mayo Clinic, 2024b). Pigmentation disorders typically target the melanin in the skin – in vitiligo, the immune system attacks, causing patching to lose pigmentation, whereas in albinism, one is born without any pigmentation at all, and typically has noticeably lighter eyes and hair (Anzilotti, 2021). Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Treatment and Prevention Treatment for pressure ulcers typically involved a routine that focuses on keeping the site clean and free of pressure and friction, with possible involvement from a healthcare professional to flush out or remove damaged tissue, possibly through surgery if needed. These can be prevented by avoiding extended periods of excess pressure on the patient’s skin, and by helping move otherwise immobile patients (Mayo Clinic, 2024a). A similar treatment routine follows for burns, typically focused on redressing wounds to allow the healing factors of the body to work. Treatment for vitiligo typically focuses on cosmetics – depigmentation of the unaffected parts of the skin is one option for treatment, with the other being phototherapy to slow the spread of the patchiness (Gatta et al., 2024). Treatment for albinism typically focuses on the photosensitivity and UV sensitivity that occurs; people with albinism are otherwise healthy, and often need to balance additional risks of developing skin cancer, and take extra precautions (Anzilotti, 2021). Trauma & Pigmentation Disorders: Nursing Considerations With integumentary trauma and skin disorders, it’s important to note the psychological aspects of care. With decubitus ulcers, they can arise in bedridden patients as a result of negligence from the healthcare team, which can affect trust with the provider and care team, and lead to additional issues in the future. Similarly, burns can also cause emotional trauma and manifest as depression, nightmares, or flashbacks from the traumatizing event (Stanford Health Care, 2017b). With albinism, and even vitiligo, patients can often face bullying or prejudice within their social life and can be at higher risk of developing mental health disorders, as a results. (Anzilotti, 2021). As part of the care team, it is important to emphasize to the patient to voice any frustration or sadness to a family member or friend, and to seek additional support with a mental health professional, if emotional health does not improve. POST 2 Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Abnormal growth of skin cells is the cause of skin cancer . There are three types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Skin cancer is mainly in areas that are exposed by the sun such as the face, ears, necks, arms, hands, scalp, chest and if its a woman her legs. Very rarely it can be found beneath your toenails, fingernails and the genital area. Signs and symptoms of basal cell carcinoma are : a bleeding or scale that heals and returns, flat flesh brown or colored scar, and a pearly or wax bump. Squamous cell carcinoma signs and symptoms are: a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. Melanoma signs and symptoms are: a painful lesion that itches or burns, a mole that changes in color, size, feel or that bleeds, a large brownish spot with darker speckles, and dark lesions on your (palms, soles, nose, vagina, anus, fingertips or toes and mucus membranes.) Different cells in skin cancer usually starting with the skin top layer (epidermis). There are a lot of risk factors to keep in mind when it comes to skin cancer. Anyone has a chance of being effected by skin cancer but people of fair skin have a high chance of getting it because their skin is less protected from damaging uv radiation. If a person has a history of sunburns it increases their risk. Too much sun exposure or a lot of tanning increases their risk. If you stay in a state that is considered very hot or have high elevations. If you have moles especially abnormal moles they have a high risk of being cancerous. If you have a weakened immune system you are at risk. How to prevent skin cancer: Avoid the sun during its highest peaks such as the middle of the day. Wear sunscreen year round to provided protection from the sun and have on protective clothing. Use tanning beds least as possible to decrease exposure rates. Get your skin check on the regular by a doctor and be aware of changes in your skin on a normal day to day basis. The doctor will initial screen for cancer after doing a skin examine to see what changes are present. The areas with a change will then have a biopsy test to determine what kind of cancer is present. Treatment of skin cancers varies on the stage, size, depth and lesion present. Some, examples of treatments are: radiation. chemotherapy, cryotherapy, freezing, and surgery.

******CLICK ORDER NOW BELOW AND OUR WRITERS WILL WRITE AN ANSWER TO THIS ASSIGNMENT OR ANY OTHER ASSIGNMENT, DISCUSSION, ESSAY, HOMEWORK OR QUESTION YOU MAY HAVE. OUR PAPERS ARE PLAGIARISM FREE*******."