The respiratory tract consists of a series

The respiratory tract consists of a series of complex structures. These structures are primarily responsible for distributing air, and gas exchange, supplying the body with O2, and removing the products of metabolism. There are a variety of factors that influence the development of respiratory tract diseases during infancy and childhood, due to this, these conditions are very common at these ages. It is important that the nurse make a good estimate of the child which considers respiratory problems, the presence of a cold, risk factors, and state of health. The incidence of congenital heart conditions (CHD) in children is approximately 5 – 8/1000 live births. About 2-3/1000 infants will be asymptomatic during the first year of life with a significant disease requiring treatment. The exact cause is unknown. It is thought to be the result of multiple factors. Among the risk factors are maternal risks such as diabetes, alcoholism, maternal age, environmental toxicity, infections such as rubella, and genetic factors. They are also associated with chromosomal abnormalities and specific syndromes such as eg. Trisomy 13, 18, and 21. 1. Mention general aspects of respiratory infection, causes, clinical manifestations, therapeutic management, and nursing considerations. 2. Develop a care plan for the child with acute respiratory tract infection. Include two (2) nursing diagnoses with their objectives and four (4) nursing interventions for each. 3. Describe the conditions of the respiratory tract, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapeutic management, and nursing considerations. a) Croup syndrome: include epiglottitis and laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). b) Bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) c) Bacterial pneumonia d) Bronchial asthma e) Cystic fibrosis 4. Describe the disturbances caused by non-infectious irritants, their pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapeutic management, and nursing considerations. a) Aspiration of foreign bodies b) Submersion injuries (drowning in water) 5. Briefly describe the defect and pathophysiology of heart defects: a. Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow 1) Ductus arteriosus 2) Atrio septal defect 3) Ventricle septal defect 4) Atrioventricular canal defects b. Defects with obstruction of pulmonary blood flow 1) Coarctation of the aorta 2) Pulmonary stenosis 3) Aortic stenosis c. Defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow 1) Tetralogy of Fallot 2) Tricuspid atresia d. mixed defects 1) Transposition of the Great Vessels 2) trunk arteries 6. nursing care plan (in table format) for the child and family with congenital heart conditions. a. Describe the estimate: include clinical manifestations b. Nursing Diagnosis (include three (3) diagnoses) c. Objectives for each nursing diagnosis d. Nursing interventions (4-5 for each nursing diagnosis) and. Evaluation 7. Describe the acquired cardiac conditions, their clinical manifestations, therapeutic management, and nursing interventions. a. Heart failure (HF, CHF) b. Rheumatic fever c. Kawasaki d. Endocarditis 8. Briefly explain the problems of the hematopoietic system, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, therapeutic management, and nursing interventions. a. Hemophilia b. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura c. Neutropenia d. Leukemia 9. nursing care plan (in a 4-column table format) for the child with leukemia and cancer. a. Describe the estimate: include clinical manifestations b. Nursing Diagnosis: include two (2) diagnoses c. Objectives for each nursing diagnosis d. Interventions (4-5 for each nursing diagnosis) and. Evaluation 10. Briefly describe the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. Include: a. Etiology and pathophysiology b. Clinical manifestations c. Diagnostic tests and treatment d. List five (5) Nursing Interventions specific to this child Hockenberry, M.; Wilson, D. & Rodger’s, C. (2019). Wong’s nursing care of infants and children. (11th ed.). Elsevier. Capítulos 26, 27 y 28. Hockenberry, M. & Wilson, D. (2017). Wong’s essential of pediatric nursing. (10th ed.). Elsevier. SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING NURSING BS ENF 402

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