This task requires you to consider the patient in the

This task requires you to consider the patient in the case study. Case Study Ray Gare is a 67-year-old patient admitted to the Surgical ward presenting with a 1-day history of moderate left hip pain post fall; and 2-day history of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, dizziness, and fatigue. Ray is stated to have been on the lounge floor for approximately ten hours post fall. Following a Medical assessment at the Emergency Department, Ray was diagnosed with a fractured Left(L) neck of femur fracture and severe dehydration. On examination the nurse caring for Sean notes the following: Level of Consciousness: Ray is unable to recall the current year and has a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of 14 (E4, V4, M6); PEARL. Blood Pressure: 90 / 51 millimetres of mercury Heart rate: 128 bpm (regular pulse) Respiratory rate: 24 bpm (rapid shallow breathing) Temperature: 36°C Oxygen Saturation: 93% (Room air) Capillary refill: less than 3 seconds Pain score: 9/10 left hip pain. Urine output: averaging less than 20 millilitres per hour. Full body examination: The patient has bruises to the left hip and deformity of his left leg, inability to move the left leg with reduced range of motion. The patient is noted to be severely dehydrated with signs and symptoms of hypovolaemia which includes generalised weakness, fatigue, dizziness, leg cramps, dry mucous membranes, increased thirst, cool, clammy, pale skin, and reduced skin turgor. Blood glucose level: 3.8 millimoles/ litre Weight: 52 kilograms Height: 175 cm BMI: 17 Laboratory tests Hyponatraemia – serum sodium level of 122mmols/litre (normal range 135 – 145mmols/litre) Hypokalaemia with a potassium level of 2.5mmols/litre (normal range 3.5 to 5.2mmols/litre) Past medical history: Hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and had an acute myocardial infarction 2 years ago. Medications Frusemide 40 milligrams twice daily, orally; metoprolol 50 milligrams twice, daily, orally; aspirin 100 milligrams once daily, orally; and potassium chloride 600 milligrams once daily, orally. Allergies: Nil known allergies. Lifestyle habits Smokes – ceased smoking two years ago Consumes 5 standard glasses of alcohol/day. Denies illicit drug use. Familial History: Father – hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus You are required to address the following points in the style of an academic paper: Introduction • Introduce the context of your paper by highlighting the key aspects of the case study provided. • Briefly outline the body of your paper. Body Define and explain the type, aetiology, and relevant physiology of the pain associated with the person in the case study’s injuries In the context of the patient’s hypovolaemia, hyponatraemia, and hypokalaemia, explain the underlying pathophysiology that results in each of the following abnormal assessment findings : i. Tachycardia ii. Hypotension iii. Tachypnoea Using relevant links to the patient within the case study, explain two (2) evidence-based nursing interventions within the registered nurse’ s scope of practice, and briefly explain how each could be applied to prevent and/or manage underlying pathophysiology of hypovolaemia Using relevant links to the patient within the case study, explain one (1) evidence-based collaborative (interprofessional) intervention that could be applied to prevent and/or manage the exacerbation of the patient’s hypovolaemia and briefly explain how this will address the underlying pathophysiology of hypovolaemia. This assessment task will assess the following learning outcome/s: explain the alterations to health for body systems including integumentary, nervous cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and exocrine systems. explain the underlying pathophysiology of abnormal assessment findings in the context of selected health challenges to the integumentary, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine and exocrine systems. explain alterations to fluid and electrolytes balances during health challenges. demonstrate an understanding of the application of nursing care and collaborative care to prevent and/or manage exacerbations of fluid and electrolyte health challenges. Conclusion ( • Summarise the key points of your paper. • Do not include any new information in this section. In-text citations (included in the word count) Reference List (not included in the word count) This assessment must be presented as a scholarly paper and include an introduction, conclusion, supporting research evidence, and a reference list. You must support your paper with a minimum of eight (8) recent (less than 7 years old) credible academic resources (journal articles, professional manuals and documents, textbooks) and a reference list. All sources must be correctly referenced in-text and in the reference list in accordance with APA 7th Edition referencing style.

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