You are an elected official, and a

You are an elected official, and a situation has been presented to you. You need to make an informed recommendation about what to do, but you do not have all the information you need. How do you get the information you need? Read your assigned topic, and ask yourself: What else do I need to know? Who should I ask? Create list of at least six questions (or more) that you have after reading the scenario. Then create list of four people to whom you would like to ask your questions. How do you decide what recommendations to make on the use of these technologies? Think about information you might need – viewpoints from experts on the medical, health and environmental questions. You might have ethical questions best by a bioethicist (a person who thinks about the moral and ethical issues related to scientific advances), a philosopher or a religious leader. Do you want to hear from people directly affected, from experts, from concerned citizens? You do not need to list people by name. Instead, you can simply identify them by their profession, such as doctor, lawyer or religious leader, or by where they might work (for example, employee of a drug company). Your Topic: Is it acceptable or not to edit the genome of humans in the embryonic stage? There is a group of genetic disorders that cause fatal childhood diseases. To avoid having children with these genetic disorders, some parents choose to use a procedure called in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by genetic testing. Typically, in the first step of IVF, women receive hormone injections to produce multiple eggs, after which the eggs are harvested. The eggs are then fertilized by sperm in a petri dish to make embryos, which are then transferred to a woman’s uterus. If the goal is to identify embryos that do not have specific genetic conditions, doctors would screen the embryos before they are implanted into the woman – in other words, they would analyze the embryos’ DNA to look for variants of the gene(s) that cause the genetic disorder. While the genetic testing of IVF-produced embryos has been done for decades, the procedure is controversial. The controversies include worries about treating children as commodities, that parents are choosing children for their traits, concerns about what happens to embryos that are not implanted, and the fact that these technologies are not available to everyone because they are expensive. Now imagine that a group of parents is before you, and proposes to not only screen embryos, but also wants to go a step further. That is, they propose to use information obtained from screening the embryos to then identify and “repair” faulty genes in the embryos that are linked to a known genetic disorder. The parents argue that this procedure will decrease the number of children suffering from deadly genetic diseases. At the same time, you are aware that there are many people who are strongly opposed to genetically modifying humans. Prepare list of questions you would want before making a decision and a panel of people to discuss whether or not we should be able to use genome editing to alter human embryos. List 6 questions and 4 individuals for your panel. (Note: This actually has been done. A scientist in China is currently in prison for genetically modifying twin embryos, implanting them in a donor and the twin girls were born. Think of the problems with such a scenario. Were these girls able to give consent to have their genome altered – them themselves and all their descendants? Changes in embryos will be passed to future generations. If this is accepted, the entire future human race will be changed in unforeseen ways. And we don’t know the long-term effect of these changes. The twins were modified to be immune to HIV, but it turns out the modification may have made them more susceptible to other viruses like influenzas. SCIENCE HEALTH SCIENCE NURSING BIO 138

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