1. A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam

1. A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that breathing is difficult with feelings that, “I cannot get enough air.” What term should the nurse use to document this condition? Orthopnea Hyperpnea Cyanosis Dyspnea 2 A 20-year-old presents reporting difficulty breathing when lying down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition? Tachypnea Dyspnea Apnea Orthopnea 3 What type of breathing will the nurse observe while assessing a patient experiencing both metabolic acidosis and Kussmaul respirations? Rapid respirations with periods of apnea Very slow inhalations and rapid expirations Increased rate, large tidal volumes, and no expiratory pause Audible wheezing or stridor 4. As a result of a severe head injury, a patient is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea. What term should the nurse use when charting this condition? Frank-Starling Orthopnea Apnea Cheyne-Stokes 5. A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the most likely cause of this situation? Apnea Hyperventilation Hypoventilation Cyanosis 6 When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions? Rhinitis Hematemesis Cyanosis Hemoptysis 7.A 65-year-old diagnosed with emphysema presents to the ER for difficulty breathing. Physical exam reveals both bluish skin and mucous membranes. What term will the nurse use to document these observations? Hemoptysis Ischemia Cyanosis Hematemesis 8.A nurse is reviewing the results of an arterial blood gas (ABG) and finds reduced oxygenation of arterial blood. What term should the nurse use to describe this condition? Hypoxemia Ischemia Hypoxia Hypocapnia 9. A low ventilation-perfusion ratio of the lung will result in: shunting. bronchoconstriction. increased dead space. alveolar collapse. 10. What phrase describes the condition in which a series of alveoli in the left lower lobe receive adequate ventilation but lack adequate perfusion? Pulmonary hypotension A low ventilation-perfusion ratio A right-to-left shunt Alveolar dead space 11.Which of the following lab values would the nurse expect in a patient who has sustained trauma to the lungs and chest wall and is experiencing respiratory failure? Group of answer choices Elevated PaCO2 Low hematocrit Electrolyte imbalances Elevated pH 12. A 50-year-old presents with hypotension, hypoxemia, and tracheal deviation to the left. Tests reveal that the air pressure in the pleural cavity exceeds barometric pressure in the atmosphere. Based upon these assessment findings, what does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Open pneumothorax Transudative pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax Pleural effusion 13. A 60-year-old with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as: exudative. purulent. transudative. infected. 14. An 80-year-old develops pneumonia in the hospital. An assessment identifies that the patient is cyanotic and tachycardic and has developed a fever and a cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. This symptomology supports which medical diagnosis? Emphysema Pleurisy Empyema Chyle 15. Which organism does the nurse suspect is the most likely cause of empyema? Staphylococcus aureus Moraxella catarrhalis Fungus Virus 16. A 26-year-old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli. Which term is used to document this condition? Absorption atelectasis Hypoventilation Bronchiectasis Compression atelectasis 17. A 15-year-old is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. Which pulmonary function test finding is expected? Group of answer choices Decreased respiratory rate Increased compliance Increased tidal volume Decreased functional residual capacity .18. A 57-year-old presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume and is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient’s history, which finding is the most probable cause of the illness? Flail chest Inhalation of silica Allergic reactions Autoimmune disease 19. The most common cause of pulmonary edema is: asthma. left heart failure. right heart failure. lung cancer. 20. Which assessment findings will the nurse observe in a patient diagnosed with severe pulmonary edema? Group of answer choices Pink, frothy sputum Wheezing Hypocapnia Thick mucous secretions 21. A 42-year-old presents with dyspnea; rapid, shallow breathing; inspiratory crackles; decreased lung compliance; and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. What is the most likely diagnosis supported by the patient’s condition? Group of answer choices Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Postoperative respiratory failure Malignant respiratory failure Sarcoidosis 22. Asthma is thought to be caused by: an autosomal recessive trait. interactions between genetic and environmental factors. excessive use of antibiotics as a young child. autoimmunity. 23. Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to: increased sympathetic nervous system response. the release of stress hormones. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation. hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness. 24 Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is caused by: type II alveolar cell injury and decreased surfactant. collapse of the cartilaginous rings in the bronchi. mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema. alveolar fibrosis and pulmonary edema. 25. A 10-year-old is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The symptomology supports which diagnosis? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchiectasis Status asthmaticus Exercise-induced asthma

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