1. An acute drop in blood pressure

1. An acute drop in blood pressure will NOT cause which of these baroreflex compensatory responses? a) Increased firing of sympathetic nerves to the kidney stimulating renin release b) Increased firing of sympathetic fibers to vascular smooth muscle C) Increased firing of parasympathetic fibers to the heart d) Increased firing of sympathetic fibers to the heart to increase cardiac output 2. Which of the following is a mechanism that promotes edema formation? a) Decreased venous pressure b) Increased arterial pressure C) Increased use of antihistamines d) Increased circulating albumin 3. High concentrations of elastic tissue in the walls of the aorta and large arteries allow for which property of these vessels? a) The ability to store 2/3 of blood volume at low pressures b) The ability to recoil and support diastolic pressure and flow c)The ability to conduct smooth laminar flow at high rates d)The ability to resist expansion during ventricular ejection 4. A cardinal sign of venous insufficiency is: a) Increased ankle edema, due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure b) Increased diastolic blood pressure, due to vascular blood pooling c) Decreased systolic blood pressure, due to vascular blood pooling d) Decreased capillary refill, due to compensatory vasoconstriction 5. Which of the following is NOT implicated in varicose vein formation? a) Increased vascular hydrostatic pressure in the legs due to gravity b) Increased time in a seated or standing position without movement c) Deformed valves that permit blood backflow in the upright position d) Increased wall thickness of veins to withstand gravitational pressures 6. Which form of shock is caused by generalized vasodilation that results from massive release of histamine? a) Hypovolemic b) Obstructive shock c) Distributive shock d) Cardiogenic 7. Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? a) Superior vena cava b) Pulmonary veins c) Coronary veins d) Pulmonary artery 8. Elastic recoil in the walls of large arteries is the major factor in maintaining which cardiovascular variable? a) Capillary refill time b) Vascular hydrostatic pressure c) Mean arterial pressure d) Diastolic pressure 9. What pathological consequence does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? a) Increased production of nitric oxide and pathological dilation of blood vessel b) Damaged endothelium and development of atherosclerotic plaque c) Bounding pulse felt on palpation d) Cyanosis observed on exertion 10. Which of the following promotes unidirectional flow of blood through the veins, despite gravitational forces? a) – Valves b) Connecting vein bridges C) Smooth muscle surrounding superficial veins d) High intravascular pressure 11. High arterial pressure has consequences for blood vessels. Which of the following occurs when the arterial wall weakens in response to the increased pressure, causing a vicious cycle of dilation, increased radius, increased tension, and ultimately a weakened wall? a) Heart failure b) Atherosclerosis C) Hypertrophy d) Aneurysm 12. What is(are) the major factors) contributing to blood pressure! (Select all that apply) a) Force of ventricular contraCtiOn b) Muscle layer of the capillaries c) Muscle leyer of the arterioles d) Volume of blood in circulation 13. Which mechanism accounts for loss of skin turgor in hypovolemic states? a) Capillary filtration decreases and capillary reabsorption increases due to constriction of arterioles b) Capillary filtration increases and capillary reabsorption decreases due to constriction of veins c) Capillary filtration and reabsorption both decrease due to systemic hypotension d) Capillary filtration and reabsorption both increase due to dilation of arterioles 14. Which of the following occurs LAST in the progress of atherosclerosis? a) Platelet adhesion to plaque and thrombus formation b) Calcium deposition within the plaque c) Migration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)’s into the intima d) Recruitment of vascular smooth muscle cells from the media 15. A patient has leg cramping on exertion and a history of smoking and diabetes. Which of the following assessment findings is expected? a) Decreased brachial systolic pressure, relative to ankle systolic Student Help b) Isolated increased brachial systolic pressure Purchase Course c) Increased dorsalis pedis pulses Materials d) Decreased ankle systolic pressure, relative to brachia systolic pressure 16. Varicose veins are most likely to occur in the legs because: a) Veins of the leg are more vulnerable to gravitational blood pooling during standing b) Veins of the leg have fewer one-way valves than veins of the arms C) The arms receive less use than the legs in the course of the day, decreasing muscle compression of the vein D) Veins of the leg have lower hydrostatic pressure than veins of the arms 17. What is the FASTEST acting regulator of vasoconstriction, particularly while changing position to standing? A) Norepinephrine B) Angiotensin Il C) Endothelin d) Vasopressin 18. Arteriosclerosis in older adults is very likely to result in: A) Decreased systolic and increased diastolic pressure B) Increased systolic and pulse pressure C) Increased systolic and decreased pulse pressure D) Decreased systolic and pulse pressure 19. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication is prescribed to a patient with hypertension. Which of the following correctly explains how this class of medications works? A)ACE inhibitors target vasopressin to prevent hypovolemia B) ACE inhibitors inhibit the production of natriuretic peptides to prevent hypervolemia C) ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin Il to prevent vasoconstriction D) ACE inhibitors inhibit norepinephrine to prevent vasoconstriction 20. Which category of antihypertensive drugs is most likely to increase edema formation, particularly in the ankles? A) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors B) Diuretics C)Calcium channel blocking agents D) Beta-adrenergic blocking agents 21. Which vasodilating mediator requires that endothelial cells are healthy and exposed to normal levels of shear stress from laminar blood flow? A)Histamine B)Atrial natriuretic peptide C) Nitric oxide D) Carbon diaxide 22. Which of the following is true regarding the way blood travels through the vasculature? A) Layers of blood traveling smoothly through the vessel increases friction between blood cells and artery lining. B) Layers of blood traveling smoothly through the vessel can cause shear stress. C) Layers of blood traveling smoothly parallel to the long axis of the vessel prevents shear stress. D) Low vibration blood flow is not very efficient. 23. Which of the following is the most common site of atherosclerosis? A) Carotid arteries B) Abdominal aorta C) Coronary arteries D) Thoracic aorta 24. Which of the following substances mediates vascular compensation, leading to RECOVERY from systemic hypotension and hypovolemia? A)Nitric Oxide B) B-type natriuretic Which statements are true concerning the method in which substances pass between capillaries and the interstitial fluid? (Select all that apply.) O Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes by diffusion. O No substances are allowed to pass across the endothelial cell membranes. O Substances pass through junctions between endothelial cells. O Substances pass through pores or oval windows (fenestrations). peptide (BNP) C) Angiotensin Il D) Histamine 25. Which statements are true concerning the method in which substances pass between capillaries and the interstitial fluid? (Select all that apply.) A) Substances pass through endothelial cell membranes by diffusion. B) No substances are allowed to pass across the endothelial cell membranes. C) Substances pass through junctions between endothelial cells. D) Substances pass through pores or oval windows (fenestrations).

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