1. How many alleles for the single

1. How many alleles for the single gene trait of blood (A, B, O) does a person with the normal number of chromosomes inherit from his or her biological parents? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 0 2. How are gene penetrance and gene expressivity different? a. With penetrance, the gene is either expressed completely or is not expressed at all; with expressivity, the gene is always expressed, but the degree of expression can range from minor to extreme. b. Penetrance and expressivity are both related to “gene dosage.” With penetrance, only one copy of the gene is expressed; with expressivity, more than one copy of the gene can be expressed. c. Gene penetrance and gene expressivity are different terms for the same concept, which is the excessive expression of recessive alleles. d. Penetrance refers to the actual gene structure in the DNA, and expressivity refers to the chromosome locus of the gene. 3. Why are X-linked-recessive disorders expressed in males more frequently than in females? a. Hemizygous X alleles in males have homozygous expression. b. One X chromosome of a pair is always inactive in all female cells. c. Females have more effective DNA repair mechanisms than do males. d. Expression of genes from the Y chromosome does not occur among females. 4. Which types of traits or health problems cannot be predicted or explained using Mendelian rules? a. Traits/health problems with high penetrance b. Y-linked-dominant traits/health problems c. Codominant traits/health problems d. Polygenic traits/health problems 5. Which disorder demonstrates a strong gene-environment interaction? a. Marfan syndrome b. Diabetes mellitus type 2 c. Neurofibromatosis type 1 d. Red-green color blindness 6. Which statement or condition best reflects pleiotropy? a. A mutation in a single gene result in the expression of problems in a variety of organs. b. The susceptibility to a problem is an inherited trait, but the development of the problem is related to environmental conditions. c. A mutated gene is inherited, but the results of expression of that gene are not evident until middle or late adulthood. d. Several genes are responsible for the mechanism of hearing, and a mutation in any one of them results in hearing impairment. 7. Which common health problem has the lowest heritability estimate? Complete these questions from Chapter 4 of the textbook. Type and submit them here prior to the due date. a. Asthma b. Hypertension c. Pyloric stenosis d. congenital heart disease 8. Under which condition for a complex disorder is the problem more likely to recur in a family? a. The mother’s great-grandfather had a milder form of the problem. b. The problem is found in only one child in a set of dizygotic twin boys. c. The affected child is male, and the disorder usually occurs among females. d. The problem has never been seen in the family going back five generations.

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