34. A 67-year-old was previously diagnosed with

34. A 67-year-old was previously diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. Tests now reveal lipoprotein deposition with chronic inflammation that impairs blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. Which diagnosis does this history support? Group of answer choices Mitral stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral regurgitation Aortic stenosis 35 The nurse realizes the patient diagnosed with mitral stenosis has incomplete emptying of the: Group of answer choices right ventricle. right atrium. left ventricle. left atrium. 36 36 A 72-year-old has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. An echocardiogram reveals backflow of blood into the left ventricle. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis documented on the chart? Group of answer choices Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis Mitral regurgitation Aortic stenosis 37 Upon assessment of the patient, the nurse finds a widened pulse pressure and throbbing peripheral pulses. Which valve disorder does the nurse suspect? Group of answer choices Aortic stenosis Mitral regurgitation Aortic regurgitation Mitral stenosis 38 38 A 35-year-old presents with pulmonary hypertension and is diagnosed as being in right heart failure. Which is the most likely cause of this condition? Group of answer choices Tricuspid regurgitation Aortic stenosis Aortic regurgitation Mitral regurgitation 39 A nurse recalls the most common cardiac valve disease in the United States is: Group of answer choices aortic stenosis. mitral valve prolapse. pulmonary stenosis. tricuspid valve prolapse. 40 A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nosebleeds. He is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. The most likely cause of this disease is: Group of answer choices congenital heart defects. acute pericarditis. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infections. 41 A 10-year-old male presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and nosebleeds and is diagnosed with rheumatic heart disease. While planning care, which characteristic changes should the nurse remember? Group of answer choices High fevers that damage collagen in valve leaflets Rheumatoid factor in the blood, stimulating valvular degeneration Blood-borne organisms that adhere to the valvular surface Antigens that bind to the valvular lining, triggering an autoimmune response 42 A 30-year-old female presents to her primary care provider with fever, cardiac murmur, and petechial skin lesions and is diagnosed with infective endocarditis. The most likely cause of the disease is: Group of answer choices bacteria. parasites. fungi. viruses. 43 Inflammatory cells have difficulty limiting the colonization of microorganisms in infective endocarditis because the: Group of answer choices microorganisms are resistant. colonies overwhelm the phagocytes. microorganisms are sequestered in a fibrin clot. valves are avascular. 44 Which characteristic changes should the nurse keep in mind while caring for a patient with left heart failure? As left heart failure progresses: Group of answer choices systemic vascular resistance decreases. pulmonary vascular resistance decreases. left ventricular preload increases. left end-diastolic volume decreases. 45 A 65-year-old male with a history of untreated hypertension is now experiencing left heart failure. A nurse recalls his untreated hypertension led to: Group of answer choices ventricular dilation and wall thinning. alterations in alpha and beta receptor function. inhibition of renin and aldosterone. myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling. 46 A patient with left heart failure starts to have a cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary symptoms common to left heart failure are a result of: Group of answer choices bronchoconstriction. pulmonary vascular congestion. decreased cardiac output. inflammatory pulmonary edema. 47 A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and is being treated for shock. The primary cause of shock is most likely: Group of answer choices decreased afterload due to vasodilation. rapid heart rate. decreased cardiac contractility. increased capillary permeability. 48 A 73-year-old has increased pulmonary pressure resulting in right heart failure. A potential cause for the right heart to fail is: Group of answer choices acute pneumonia. left heart failure. hypertension. pericarditis. 49 A 65-year-old male is diagnosed with chronic pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures should the nurse assess for in this patient? Group of answer choices Left heart Right heart Low-output High-output 50 A 72-year-old female has a history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. Which of the following symptoms are specifically related to her right heart failure? Group of answer choices Significant edema to both lower legs and feet Hypertension Dyspnea upon exertion Decreased urine output 51 Which condition should cause the nurse to assess for high-output failure in a patient? Group of answer choices Metabolic alkalosis Hypothyroidism Hypovolemia Anemia 52 When a person is in shock, a nurse remembers impairment in cellular metabolism is caused by: Group of answer choices free radical formation. inadequate tissue perfusion. lack of nervous or endocrine stimulation. release of toxic substances. 53 One consequence of switching from aerobic to anaerobic cellular metabolism during shock states is: Group of answer choices decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. cellular alkalosis. free radical formation. cellular dehydration. 54. During shock states, glucose uptake is usually: impaired. energy intensive. normal. enhanced. 55. A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of assessment findings would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit? Group of answer choices Reduced cardiac output, increased systemic vascular resistance, moist cough Bradycardia, palpitations, confusion, truncal rash Severe respiratory distress, jugular venous distention, chest pain Low blood pressure and tachycardia 56. An 82-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with confusion and severe hypotension. Her body’s compensatory mechanisms are increased heart rate, vasoconstriction, and movement of large volumes of interstitial fluid to the vascular compartment. What kind of shock does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing? Hypovolemic Neurogenic Anaphylactic Septic 57. A 27-year-old male is admitted to a neurologic unit with a complete C-5 spinal cord transection. On initial assessment, he is bradycardic, hypotensive, and hyperventilating. He appears to be going into shock. The most likely mechanism of his shock is: Group of answer choices vasodilation caused by a decrease in sympathetic stimulation. hypovolemia caused by blood loss. vasodilation caused by gram-negative bacterial infection. hypovolemia caused by evaporative fluid losses. 58 Neurogenic shock can be caused by any factor that inhibits the: somatic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system. thalamus. parasympathetic nervous system. 59. A 15-year-old male who is allergic to peanuts eats a peanut butter cup. He then goes into anaphylactic shock. Which assessment findings will the nurse assess for? Hypertension, anxiety, and tachycardia Bradycardia, decreased arterial pressure, and oliguria Bronchoconstriction, hives or edema, and hypotension Fever, hypotension, and erythematous rash 60. The onset of anaphylactic shock is usually: Group of answer choices sudden and life threatening. mild. delayed by several hours. delayed by 24 hours. 61. For an infection to progress to septic shock, what must occur? Group of answer choices The individual must be immunosuppressed. Bacteria must enter the bloodstream. The myocardium must be impaired. The infection must be gram negative. 62. A patient most prone to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a patient with: Group of answer choices autoimmune disease. septic shock. myocardial infarction (MI). pulmonary disease. 63. A 75-year-old female has been critically ill with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) for longer than a week and has developed a severe oxygen supply and demand imbalance. The statement that best describes this imbalance is which of the following? Group of answer choices The situation results in supply-independent consumption. Increased oxygen delivery to cells fails to meet decreased oxygen demands. The reserve has been exhausted, and the amount of oxygen consumed depends on the amount the circulation is able to deliver. The amount of oxygen consumed by cells depends only on the needs of cells, because there is oxygen in reserve. 64. Which of the following findings in the patient with Raynaud disease would indicate a need for further teaching? Group of answer choices The patient takes calcium channel blockers. The patient smokes cigarettes. The patient eats bananas twice a day. The patient wears mittens outside. 65. A nurse recalls acute orthostatic hypotension can be caused by: (select all that apply) Group of answer choices prolonged immobility. exercise. volume depletion. drug action. starvation. 66 Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions for _____ minutes before irreversible cell injury occurs.

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