QUESTION 4 4.1 An athlete from the

QUESTION 4 4.1 An athlete from the Kilimanjaro region took part in a running competition in Drakensberg Mountain. This athlete obtained position 1, making him the competition’s overall winner. It was suspected that he might have used drugs. The tests were conducted, and results showed an elevated hemoglobin level, ruling out the suspicions. Analyze this case and give the reasons for his best performance. Describe the factors that could have contributed to his achievement. (10) An adult asthmatic male is presented to the hospital complaining of a deep breath and feeling drowsy. The urine test was conducted, and the urine pH was found to be 6.4. 4.3.1 Give the accurate diagnosis, with supporting reasons. (2) 4.3.2 Discuss the cause of the condition mentioned in 4.3.1. (3) 4.3.3 Describe a compensation mechanism for this condition. (5) 4.4 In 2021, Mr. Xalu was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. This same patient presented to the hospital with brittle nails and a pallor face. His laboratory findings showed a hemoglobin level of 8 g/dL. Give the diagnosis with supporting reasons, discuss how his primary condition might have led to the condition in 2022. NB note that normal hemoglobin in males is 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL. (10)

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