Small Case study: MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: MY LITTLE

Small Case study: MIDDLE CHILDHOOD: MY LITTLE ONE IS ALREADY IN SCHOOL Olivia grew up with two parents and is the youngest, with two older brothers named Sebastian and Anthony. Born into a middle class family, she grew up in a suburban neighborhood, which was regarded as safe. Olivia’s mother is Mexican and her father is Colombian, resulting in their culture being passed onto their children. A challenge to Olivia’s development may result from the clashing between traditional and modern values of Western society. For example, the values of unity and family are heavily emphasized within Hispanic culture, whereas the Western societies often promote competition and individuality. Olivia may also face constant comparison between her and her older siblings, especially since they are successful in their careers and families. As the youngest child, Olivia may receive more attention from her parents. Having a family with a secure means of income and living in a safe neighborhood ensures Olivia a quality education, all contributing positively to her development. From Conception to Birth: We are Having a Baby! While Olivia’s parents healthy adults, her mother is a carrier of the cysticfibrosis gene, while her father is not. They were content when their genetic counselor had confirmed that because both parents were not carriers, Olivia would not inherit cystic fibrosis. Instead it was likely that Olivia would be a carrier of the gene, just like her mother. The first two weeks of development is the germinal period, where a sperm and ovum fuse to form a zygote. The zygote eventually becomes an embryo, and implants into the mother’s uterus lining. Olivia’s mother was not aware of her pregnancy, and continued to drink recreationally. The possibility of teratogen exposure is present. Since Olivia’s mother is not a heavy drinker, the risk of FAS is unlikely. The embryonic period consists of the 3rd-8th week of development. The zygote will begin to take a different form, producing a neural tube (the construction of the central nervous system), and features such as the head, mouth, and heart will develop. At around the 5th week, the embryos’ appendages will form. At the 8th week, all organs are also in their primitive stages of development. Olivia’s mother had felt nauseous and noticed her lack of a menstrual cycle. Based on her experiences with past pregnancies, she makes an appointment with her OB/GYN. Once blood work and an ultrasound was conducted, Olivia’s mother found that she was nearing six weeks of pregnancy. She was drinking recreationally, with no other drug or toxin exposure. Her doctor confirms that while she was nowhere near the threshold for teratogen risks linked with alcohol, it was recommended that she stop drinking for the remainder of the pregnancy. She agreed, and her family began to prepare for the new arrival. Though the beginning of their preparation proved to be stressful to both parents, they were determined to give their all. From 9 weeks till birth is defined as the fetal period. The sexual reproduction system begins forming. The first 3-6 months consists of the fetus becoming active, including kicking and stretching. Their heartbeat is much stronger, and nails and hair develop. It is important that the central nervous system of the fetus becomes and remains active, since it regulates heart rate, breathing, and sucking. The final three months of the fetal period include the development of neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Olivia’s mother frequently endures back pain and fatigue and mood swings. Olivia’s father begins to complete house chores and cut hours off work to provide extra care. At her 22 week appointment, the family soon finds out that the fetus is a girl. The OB/GYN confirms that Olivia is developing wonderfully, her brain reaching a reasonable point of maturation to where she would be viable for survival if there were any complications that caused Olivia’s mother to deliver her early. The doctor estimates that Olivia was a pound heavy, and had a length of 10.6 inches, standard for a baby at 22 weeks. Olivia’s mother had since quit drinking once confirming her pregnancy, so no risk factor present for teratogen exposure. Olivia’s mother noticed that she was two weeks past her due date, and due to how uncomfortable she was, the OB/GYN recommended that she be induced. Olivia’s mother was induced into labor shortly after their arrival at the hospital. Olivia’s mother chose to apply the epidural medication, and was in labor for 17 hours before giving birth to Olivia naturally. The birth went smoothly, with contractions having a time range of 40 minutes, while contractions right before birth had lasted about a minute between each other. Olivia was born at 7 pounds, 5 ounces, and was 17 inches long with no complications. The First Two Years & Early Childhood: They Grow so Fast! Olivia’s pediatrician said she’s on track in her percentiles for normative development. There was a significant drop in her weight, 60th to the 30th percentile, in the first few months. The pediatrician indicated that this drop was due to poor nutrition. Her parents were able to get her back on track for the following percentile check-ins. Although Olivia co-sleeps with her parents, she has her own crib right next to their bed. Olivia falls asleep easily, but wakes up crying in the middle of the night. Since her crib is in her parents’ bedroom, they are quick to comfort her and put her right back to sleep. They chose not to allow Olivia to bed-share with them after their pediatrician had warned about the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Olivia’s experience-expectant growth is full of stimulation, including social interactions from her family as well as rich stimuli from her environment. Thus, her brain is maturing normally for her age. For her experience-dependent growth, Olivia is communicated to in both English and Spanish. Hispanic holidays and customs that Olivia’s parents partake in may also build new neurological connections that peers outside of her culture may not develop. In the first stage of sensorimotor intelligence, primary circular reactions, Olivia has acquired all of the necessary reflexes by her first month of life and there is a notable difference between how she sucks her pacifier and how she sucks the nipple during breastfeeding by four months. During the second stage, secondary circular reactions, Olivia possesses an increased awareness of the world around her, and responds positively to her older brothers whenever they play patty cake or peek-a-boo with her. Although it took longer for Olivia to present her motivation to play these games, by the start of the third stage she was reaching for her brothers’ and parents’ hands to initiate a game. The last stage, tertiary circular reactions, was filled with Olivia’s many experimentations gone wrong, such as drawing on the walls with crayons. However, by the time she reached 20 months, Olivia thought about the consequences of her actions, demonstrated by hesitation and thinking. Olivia can be described as active, lively, social, and easy going. As a baby, Olivia was very active when it came to movement, and was able to turn over on her own very early. Her parents had a hard time bathing and changing her early on. They often talk and share with Oliva, so Olivia loves to ask questions and chat with family. When Olivia couldn’t get used to sleeping, she was often irritable and cried a lot, but after things improved, she became happier. Because Olivia is able to communicate with a variety of people, she can easily fit in and play with new friends. She is very affectionate towards others which is often reciprocated to her by her family. Olivia loves to play with everyone in the family and is very observant of everyone’s small actions. At some point, you will see her imitate the actions of a family member. Once the entire family sits to eat, Olivia expresses a desire to eat with everyone and has been trained to feed herself and experiment with new meals since she was little. Since Olivia is active and lively, when she meets a stranger, she is excited and wants to play with them. Sometimes she just wants to observe the stranger’s behavior while being close to her parents or other familiar people, thus demonstrating a secure attachment, which is seen in both parents. Olivia’s linguistic development at the time is good, and Olivia is able to communicate in both Spanish and English. Family members usually communicate with her in Spanish while she learns English through watching YouTube and from her parents, although they communicate to her in Spanish too. When she knows she made a mistake, Olivia will proactively apologize and at times show cuteness or say “I love you” to everyone to be forgiven. Olivia occasionally makes mistakes that are considered serious. Her parents adopt an authoritative parenting style by disciplining her, such as making her stand in the corner for a while. After that, they will discuss the child’s errors to prevent future repetitions. Olivia doesn’t repeat the bad behavior after it’s explained why it was wrong, which makes discipline rare. Olivia is playful and often gets bruised at home and school. Since Olivia is the youngest and receives a lot of attention, there is little risk of her getting neglected or abused. Wuestions Describe your child’s physical and cognitive development. Does your child have any health concerns, like chronic conditions? If so, how do these affect learning, or daily life? Are they developing well cognitively and how would you describe their development using Piaget’s and Vygotky’s perspectives? What kinds of observations you base your description on? Share information about your child’s school experiences. Are they learning and achieving as expected, or do they have issues like some diagnosed disabilities or other challenges with aptitude or achievement? If so, how were these concluded? If not, why do you think that is? Please include explanations

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