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I completed my field experience at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, a military base inside Fayetteville, North Carolina. The city of Fayetteville is located in Cumberland County, North Carolina. With a population of 208,778 people, it was considered the sixth largest city in the state according to the 2020 census. It is best known as the location of the significant U.S. Army facility Fort Bragg. According to the 2020 census, Fayetteville’s African American community makes up 39.8% of the entire population. African American households in Fayetteville had a median income of $46,321 and an average age of 32.5. African Americans in Fayetteville have a poverty rate of 19.9%., with 92% of African Americans holding a high school diploma and 27% holding up to a bachelor’s degree.   

In Fayetteville, African Americans experience greater crime rates than the general population in this city, as well as many other issues. In Fayetteville, the violent crime rate for African Americans is 10.7 per 1,000, compared to 4.5 per 1,000 for the total population. In Fayetteville, the rate of property crime among African Americans is 35.8 per 1,000, compared to 22 for the total population. Compared to the general population, African Americans in Fayetteville have lower rates of health insurance coverage. African Americans in Fayetteville are less likely to have health insurance than the entire population (92.5%), with an overall coverage rate of 83.3%. Compared to the general community, African Americans in Fayetteville have less access to transportation. The proportion of African Americans in Fayetteville with access to a car is 73.1%, compared to 89.6% of the total population. Compared to the broader community, African Americans in Fayetteville have less access to healthy food. African Americans in Fayetteville are less likely to have access to a grocery store than the general population; the percentage of African Americans in Fayetteville with access to a grocery store is 95.4%, compared to the percentage of the general population with access to a grocery store of 98.3%. This comes as no surprise that the leading cause of disease-related deaths among African Americans in Fayetteville is heart attacks, strokes, and cancer.

A1.

In Fayetteville, North Carolina, there are a variety of environmental issues that affect African Americans. Water quality is a problem. The Cape Fear River supplies the city of Fayetteville with its drinking water. Mercury, lead, and other heavy metals are only a few of the pollutants that have been found in the river. Numerous health issues, including as cancer, learning difficulties, and birth deformities, can be brought on by these contaminants. The state of the air is another issue. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified the Fayetteville-Cumberland County metropolitan area as a nonattainment region for ground-level ozone. The city of Fayetteville is situated inside this area. Ozone at ground level is a pollutant that can lead to asthma as well as other respiratory issues. Sanitation represents a third issue. Numerous sanitary sewer overflows in the city of Fayetteville have the potential to contaminate water sources with sewage. Infectious viruses and dangerous microorganisms can be found in sewage. Hazardous waste is a fourth issue. Numerous Superfund sites, which are contaminated areas that the US Environmental Protection Agency has designated for cleaning, are located in the city of Fayetteville. Both the environment and human health may be at risk from these locations. Toxins in the environment are the fifth issue. The “Tar-Pamlico-Neuse River Basin,” where the city of Fayetteville is situated, has been affected by several industrial pollutants, including mercury, lead, and other heavy metals according to (North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, 2020). Numerous health issues, including as cancer, learning difficulties, and birth deformities, can be brought on by these contaminants. Natural catastrophes rank as the sixth issue. Fayetteville is situated in a region that is susceptible to hurricanes and other extreme weather conditions. These occurrences have the potential to harm infrastructure and property, cause injuries, and even result in fatalities. The sensitivity to heat and cold is the seventh issue. Fayetteville is situated in a region that is susceptible to temperature extremes. Human health may be at danger from this, especially for people who already have medical issues. African Americans in Fayetteville, North Carolina should be concerned about the aforementioned environmental issues since they have the potential to result in a variety of health issues, such as birth deformities, learning difficulties, cancer, respiratory issues, and injuries.

A2.

            The African American population in Fayetteville, North Carolina, is disproportionately affected by environmental issues compared to the general population. African Americans in Fayetteville have a higher poverty rate (19.9%) and a lower rate of health insurance coverage (83.3%) than the general population. African Americans in Fayetteville are also less likely to have access to a car (73.1%) and less likely to have access to a grocery store (95.4%). These disparities put the African American community at a greater risk for health problems. According to (Chen et al., 2019), African Americans on average have higher rates of blood pressure than the general population, substandard blood pressure control while taking medications, and higher rates of heart disease, chronic kidney disease, strokes, and heart failure than all other racial/ethnic groups. These higher rates of diseases can be related having less access to healthcare and healthy food options compared to the general population. 

 

Please answer the questions below with the information given above

 

B.  Identify one social determinant of health (SDOH) affecting the subpopulation described in part A.

 

1.  Explain how this SDOH is affecting the subpopulation described in part A. Your explanation should address the following questions and be supported with local, state, or national data:

 

•  What is the biggest contributor to disease (morbidity) and premature death (mortality) in the community?

 

•  What are the controversial community health concerns discussed in a local newspaper or a local online resource (e.g., online newspaper or blog, hospital website, county health department site)?

 

•  What do you believe people in the community are most concerned about related to health?

 

•  What is generating the most visits to the emergency room or hospital admissions in the community?

 

•  Based on the collected data, what do you believe is reducing the quality of life in the community?
 

C.  Describe two resources currently available to the subpopulation that address the SDOH in part B.
 

D.  Describe two resources that are needed to address the SDOH for the subpopulation described in part A.

1.  Explain why each resource from part D is needed.
 

E.  Discuss an evidence-based intervention to address the gap between the available healthcare resources and the resources needed to address the SDOH. Include one scholarly, evidence-based source published within the last five years to support the discussion.

1.  Explain how this evidence-based intervention will decrease the resource gap, including one specific example.
 

Note: This intervention could include policy development, resource development, population education, etc.
 

F.  Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
BS NURSING D221

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