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Review the case study in the Stegen and Sowerby CoursePoint Learning Unit 1 Module 1.3 – Factors Affecting Ethical Decision Making on Screen 4 of 8, where a 44-year-old man was paralyzed from the neck down after an accident and was treated by a physician in an emergency room. Assume there was an emergency department (ED) nurse who was present when the patient stated he did not want to be resuscitated again and refused the pacemaker. The nurse then saw the physician write the order for the pacemaker placement regardless of the patient’s expressed wishes.
respond to the following instructions that apply the first four steps in the ethical decision-making process described in Interactive Module 2.01 or Stegen and Sowerby (2019).
o Identify and Clarify the Ethical Problem: This will serve as the introductory paragraph for the paper. Describe an ethical problem based exclusively on the information provided in the case study and the description of the ED nurse’s involvement above. Describe which, if any, of the nine ethical principles are most relevant to determining the solution to the problem from the ED nurse’s perspective?
o Gather Factual Data: The information about this case is limited to the single-paragraph narrative provided. Describe what additional data, if any, the ED nurse needs to complete the clinical picture and begin to develop and weigh options. Do not fabricate any missing data. Describe any challenges with gathering this data, such as time, and availability of other sources of information.
o Identify and Evaluate Options: Describe a minimum of two alternative courses of action the ED nurse could take when faced with an ethical problem. What are the worst- and best-case consequences for each alternative for the client? The physician? The nurse? The hospital? Could either of the options produce moral distress for the ED nurse?
o Make a Decision: Is there a clear decision to be made, or do these options pose an ethical dilemma? Select one of the ethical decision-making theories and one of the ethical-decision making approaches to use to select one of the options the ED nurse could choose. For example, “Using the rights-based decision-making theory, the ED nurse would choose option x because… This would be a deontological approach because…”
o Reflect: In practice, the fifth step would be to act on the decision and assess the outcomes. Since this is a hypothetical situation, conclude the paper with a reflect on which provisions from the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements were upheld by the decision that was selected when the decision-making approach & theory were applied

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