Topic: patient education on preeclampsia  p lease help me with the…

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Topic: patient education on preeclampsia

 please help me with the 5 questions, they are on the bottom of this page.

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Definition( pathology) (What it is):

Preeclampsia is a condition that can occur during pregnancy in which there is high blood pressure and protein in the urine. Preeclampsia can be a serious condition for both the mother and the baby. If you have preeclampsia, you will need to be closely monitored by your healthcare provider. There is no one cause of preeclampsia, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment for preeclampsia includes close monitoring of blood pressure and protein levels in the urine, as well as bed rest and, in some cases, medication to lower blood pressure. Preeclampsia is thought to be caused by a problem with the placenta, the organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby. It is important for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia so that they can seek medical treatment if necessary.

Facts (numbers):
Preeclampsia affects about 3-5% of all pregnancies.
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, accounting for about 15% of all maternal deaths worldwide.
Preeclampsia is a major cause of pre-term labor and delivery, accounting for about 8% of all pre-term births.
Preeclampsia can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby, including pre-term labor, organ damage, and even death.
Preeclampsia is thought to be caused by a problem with the placenta, the organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing baby.
Pregnant women can help prevent preeclampsia by getting regular prenatal care, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
 
Risk factors:
Risk to the mom and baby:

Risk factors

Conditions that are linked to a higher risk of preeclampsia include:

Preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy
Being pregnant with more than one baby
Chronic high blood pressure (hypertension)
Type 1 or type 2 diabetes before pregnancy
Kidney disease
Autoimmune disorders
Use of in vitro fertilization

Conditions that are associated with a moderate risk of developing preeclampsia include:

First pregnancy with current partner
Obesity
Family history of preeclampsia
Maternal age of 35 or older
Complications in a previous pregnancy
More than 10 years since the previous pregnancy

Other risk factors

Other risk factors

In addition to the risk factors above, a number of studies point to a higher risk of preeclampsia in the Black and Indigenous (North American) communities. According to U.S. Centers for Disease and Prevention, Black women, in particular, were 3-4 times more likely to die from preeclampsia when compared to white women. Another group with high risk of preeclampsia include low-income women. 

The higher risk in these communities are related to the inequities in health care access and additionally social inequities that can negatively impact a woman’s stress and overall well-being. 

Complications

Complications of preeclampsia may include:

Fetal growth restriction. Preeclampsia affects the arteries carrying blood to the placenta. If the placenta doesn’t get enough blood, the baby may receive inadequate blood and oxygen and fewer nutrients. This can lead to slow growth known as fetal growth restriction.
Preterm birth. Preeclampsia may lead to an unplanned preterm birth — delivery before 37 weeks. Also, planned preterm birth is a primary treatment for preeclampsia. A baby born prematurely has an increased risk of breathing and feeding difficulties, vision or hearing problems, developmental delays, and cerebral palsy. Treatments before preterm delivery may decrease some risks.
Placental abruption. Preeclampsia increases your risk of placental abruption. With this condition, the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery. Severe abruption can cause heavy bleeding, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and baby.
HELLP syndrome. HELLP stands for hemolysis (the destruction of red blood cells), elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. This severe form of preeclampsia affects several organ systems. HELLP syndrome is life-threatening to the mother and baby, and it may cause lifelong health problems for the mother.
Signs and symptoms include nausea and vomiting, headache, upper right belly pain, and a general feeling of illness or being unwell. Sometimes, it develops suddenly, even before high blood pressure is detected. It also may develop without any symptoms.
Eclampsia. Eclampsia is the onset of seizures or coma with signs or symptoms of preeclampsia. It is very difficult to predict whether a patient with preeclampsia will develop eclampsia. Eclampsia can happen without any previously observed signs or symptoms of preeclampsia.
 
Signs and Symptoms:
severe headache and chest pain
swelling of the face and hands
weight gain of more than 5 pounds a week
difficulty breathing
nausea after mid-pregnancy
changes in vision (spots, light flashes, or vision loss)
upper right belly pain
What to do (patient teaching):
during pregnancy:
talk to your healthcare provider before or ealy in your pregnancy about your risk for preeclampsia
know your family history, especially for pregnancy, high blood pressure, and heart disease
attend all your prenatal appointments
after pregnancy:
monitor blood pressure and weight regularly, and contact your healthcare provider immediately if either becomes unexpectedly high
eat right, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight
Treatments:  1 Survey Q

Pre-eclampsia can only be treated by having the baby delivered. You’ll be closely monitored if you have pre-eclampsia until the baby can be delivered.

If you have severe pre-eclampsia and your baby is due within 24 hours, or if you have experienced convulsions, anticonvulsant medication may be administered to avoid fits (fits). Fits can also be treated with them if they occur.

Pregnancy is not approved for the use of labetalol, methyldopa, or nifedipine. They can, however, be used “off-label” (outside their approved indications) to treat high blood pressure. Before you agree to therapy with these medicines, all hazards should be disclosed.

Only labetalol is expressly approved for treatment in pregnant women suffering from high blood pressure.

This indicates that the medicine has been through clinical trials and has been shown to be safe and effective for this purpose.

can you please help me with this 

patient education of preeclampsia in  pregnant women to the family 

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